RAS SYSTEM

WCDMA Antenna System

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Objectives
After completing this learning element, the participant will be able to: Identify the NSN WCDMA antenna system elements and features Describe briefly the role of Mast Head Amplifier (MHA) Describe briefly co-siting aspects Explain functionality of NSN RealTilt Explain functionality of Advance Indoor Radio

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WCDMA Antenna System

Antenna Down Tilt Solutions Feeder, Mast Head Amplifier and Accessories Feeder Sharing Solutions NSN Advanced Indoor Radio

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NSN Antenna Products

Indoor V-pol (Multi Band)

Single Broad band V-pol or X-pol Dual Band V-pol or X-pol Triple Band X-pol 2x Broad Band X-pol (SRC) Omni 3-Sector Pipe V-pol X-pol (Single Band) (3x Broad Band)

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Horizontal Beam Width (1/2)

General antenna parameters include: Gain, beam width (horizontal/vertical). Frequency band. Diversity techniques, tilting features, size. The comparision between different antenna horizontal beam widths. 65 90 120 360 (Omni-dir.) The width of the main lobe is expressed as half-power (-3 dB) beam width (HPBW). Beam width between first nulls (BWFN)

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Horizontal Beam Width (2/2)

3-sectored/65

Horizontal beam width is an important parameter that affects the radio performance. Dominance areas. Service probability = SHO / softer HO probability. coverage and capacity Own cell interference. Other cell interference.

6-sectored/65

Typically, selection of the antenna with respect to the horizontal beam width is made according to planned sector configuration at base station sites. 3-sectored with 90 antennas. 3-sectored with 65 antennas. 6-sectored with 65 antennas. Cell dominance area 6-sectored with 33 antennas.
SHO

6-sectored/33

Softer HO

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V-pol versus X-pol Design

The radio transmission losses are minimized if transmit and receive antennas have the
same spatial orientation, same polarization, and the same axial ratio. The initial polarization of a radio wave is determined by the antenna. In propagation environments typical for cellular communications, vertically polarized antennas are less affected by the reflections. 65 90 90 65

Vertically polarized antenna

One feeder connector per antenna.

X-polarized antenna
Dipoles slanted +/- 45 X shape. Two feeder connectors per antenna.

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Dual Band Antenna

Separate radiation elements for the 806-960 MHz and the 1710-2170 MHz band. The 1710-2170 MHz dipoles interlocked between the 806-960 MHz dipoles. Vertical dipole spacing one wave length. Higher number of 1710-2170 MHz dipoles. Higher gain. Two feeder connectors per frequency band: 4 connectors per antenna

1710-2170MHz

806-960 MHz

806-960 MHz (-45) 1710-2170MHz (-45)

(+45) 806-960 MHz (+45) 1710-2170MHz

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Diversity Techniques (1/2)

Uplink performance (coverage and capacity)
can be improved by exploiting base station antenna diversity techniques. The most common diversity methods: Space diversity; Polarization diversity. Practically, space diversity provides gain in all environments, but it requires two antennas with a minimum separation. Typical gain 2-3 dB when maximum ratio
combining is used by the receiver.

Polarization diversity is implemented with

introduced cross-polar antenna (X-pol). Easier to implement than space diversity; The amount of multipath diversity affects the gain
of polarization diversity.

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Diversity Techniques (2/2)

Several strategies for combining of diversity
branch components: Selection combining (SeC). Maximum ratio combining (MRC). Equal gain combining (EGC). Switched combining (SwC).

Advanced transmit diversity methods, included in 3GPP. Amplitudes and phases (weights) of the signals transmitted by diversity
antennas are adjusted such that they can be combined in-phase at the UE. Open-loop transmit diversity (base station does not have the information about
the quality of diversity branch signals received by the UE. Closed-loop transmit diversity (base station exploits channel state information that is provided via feedback signalling).

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WCDMA Antenna System

Antenna Down Tilt Solutions Feeder, Mast Head Amplifier and Accessories Feeder Sharing Solutions NSN Advanced Indoor Radio

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Mechanical Down Tilt

Widely used in existing cellular networks Efficient method to control inter-cell interference (to increase
the system capacity) Mechanical down tilt causes deformation in the horizontal pattern For a complete installation clamps or a clamp set is required
Mechanical Down tilt kit Down tilt angle increased.

Down tilts only the main lobe.

Clamp set

Clamp Deformation of the horizontal pattern.

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Adjustable Electrical Down Tilt

The adjustable tilt antennas can be tuned manually or remotely Phase shifters provide variable phase distribution, which in turn keeps the
pattern shape constant Adjustable tilt range depends on the antenna type Maximum tilt range today is approx. 0-14
Affects the coverage (and interference) in all directions.

Manual use

Remote use

Horizontal pattern remains constant.

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Remotely Adjustable Electrical Down Tilt

Application of RET (remote-controlled electrical down tilt) helps significantly in topology optimization in a changing environment and traffic requirements. Two modes of remotely adjustable down tilt angle: Slow rate mode Helps in topology optimization during network evolution. Cell-by-cell optimization. Handled from BTS Element Manager or the network management system NetAct. NSN RealTilt System. Fast rate mode Continuously adjusted down tilt based on the adaptation algorithm. Tilt angle changes according to the user distribution (day time in some cases). The algorithm utilizes position information of the mobiles in the cell area (if location
techniques are deployed) or estimates users distribution from the reported statistics (RSCP, uplink transmit power, etc.)

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NSN RealTilt
NSN RealTilt is a fully integrated solution which enables the optimization of WCDMA networks by adjusting the antenna tilt angle. It provides:
Full control of adjustable tilt antennas from
BTS Element Manager or the network management system NetAct. The NSN RealTilt Control Unit supports other vendors adjustable tilt antennas (as Kathrein, Powerwave and Andrew). NSN RealTilt system is compliant with the AISG (Antenna Interface Standard Group) specification.
14 tilt BTS Manager, NetAct 0 tilt

O&M data

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NSN RealTilt Products

The NSN specific Control Unit (RCUA) includes NSN proprietary SW. The Tilt Adjuster (RTAA), can in the future include NSN specific SW.

All other RealTilt items are standard products from the manufacturer:

Lightning Protection (RLPA)

control cable.

and Splitter (RSAA).

Smart Bias-T (RSBA and RSMA), when using the feeder line as a Control cables (DC-power and signalling). Grounding Clamp (RGCA).

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NSN RealTilt System

Antenna

RCUA RealTilt Control Unit. Max. 12 RTAAs can be controlled by one RCUA. RTAA RealTilt Electrical Tilt Adjuster. RSAA A 1:3 splitter when more than one RTAA is to be controlled by the RCUA and if the daisy-chain (a cable directly from RTAA to RTAA) option is not used. Control Cables required for feeding the power and the control signal to the RTAAs. As an option also Smart Bias-Ts (power and control signal via the feeder line) can be used.

RTAA RSAA O&M Center

RGCA

Control Cable

RLPA

RCUA

Feeder cables

BTS

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Flexi WCDMA BTS 3GPP Antenna Tilt Support

Antenna Tilt is integrated to the RF
module of Flexi BTS. It feeds DC power to the antenna and controls the antenna tilting. Remote Electrical Tilting is standardised in the following specification 3GPP TS25.460 3GPP TS25.461 3GPP TS25.462 3GPP TS25.463 3GPP TS25.466
3GPP Antenna Tilt

0 tilt

14 tilt
DC Power feeding

Integrated RET support on RF Module

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Support of ex-Siemens TMAs with RET

New WCDMA Flexi BTS variants (FRGJ/K) will be used in

the installation cases with Siemens RET. Siemens TMAs with RET require AISG1.1

0 tilt 14 tilt

FRGJ/K HW ramp-up planned from 04/2008 onwards FRGJ/K SW support ex-Siemens RET available in top of RAS06
(BTS release WN4.0 CD2), 06/2008

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WCDMA Antenna System

Antenna Down Tilt Solutions Feeder, Mast Head Amplifier and Accessories Feeder Sharing Solutions NSN Advanced Indoor Radio

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Feeder Cables
Feeder cable (or simply feeder) is the element that provides connection for
transmitting signal between the antenna and base station transceiver unit. Feeder cables are characterized by the signal attenuation (cable loss), which depends on the feeder diameter and the signal frequency. The special case of a feeder cable is a radiating cable also called leaky feeder. A radiating cable contains small holes or groove in the outer conductor of coaxial cable,
such that the signal leaks in a controlled way from the feeder cable.

Example of typical cable losses in dB per 100 m

Frequency

900 MHz
Diameter 3/8 1/2 7/8 10 6.5 3.7

1800 MHz 2100MHz

15 9.8 5.5 16 10.8 6.2

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Jumpers and Connectors

Jumpers are needed to provide connection between
the feeder cable to the transmission equipment and to the antenna. In addition, jumpers are used in lead-ins through some locations, because of their flexibility. Typically, jumper losses are negligible (fraction of dB) due to very short length (< 1 m). Connector losses are usually quite small below 0.05 dB per connector
Antenna

Feeder

Base station

Jumper cable
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WCDMA Mast Head Amplifier

Reduces system noise figure. Increases uplink capacity (nominal RX band gain 12 dB).
However, in downlink-limited environment, it can affect further
decrease of cell capacity by attracting new uplink connections.

Compensates for feeder and combiner losses in the uplink

direction, increases coverage in sites where antennas are in very high positions and the feeder lines are long. Reduces interference caused by non-WCDMA users. Allows mobiles to reduce transmission power level. IP65. 7/16 connectors. Antenna jumpers +8 V DC powered by Bias Tee.
MHA
Feeder connection

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NSN WCDMA Mast Head Amplifier Versions

Versions: WMHA
single MHA 12 dB gain

WMHB
Dual MHA 2 single MHAs in one mounting frame 12 dB gain

WMHC
Dual MHA 2 MHA functionalities in a common enclosure 12 dB gain

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WMHD Mast Head Amplifier

WMHD will have same size and RFperformance as WMHC. It has integrated RET bias-t with AISG output connector and AISG support AISG, Antenna Interface Standard Group Bias-T is integrated with Flexi WCDMA RF Module Dual MHA 12 dB gain

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Flexi WCDMA BTS Mast Head RF Module 1.7/2.1 GHz 40W (WN 4.0)
Flexi WCDMA BTS Mast Head RF Module can be used in various indoor and
outdoor installation options (such as wall, pole, and mast) and site applications (mini, macro and distributed site solution). The form factor is with antenna shape.

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Bias-T Unit
Gives power to MHA by
injecting DC power via antenna coaxial cable

Provides fault monitoring of

the antenna line VSWR and MHA

Provides RF isolation towards

the DC voltage supply and DC isolation towards the BTS

Can be installed also outdoor

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Diplexer / Triplexer
Used to combine / split the signals of different
frequencies / systems: GSM900 / WCDMA. GSM1800 / WCDMA. GSM900 / GSM1800 / WCDMA. Use of diplexers saves required feeder cables. Dual-band filters for each band provide the necessary electrical isolation. DC blocks suppress DC in bands that are not using MHA.

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DC Stop
Works together with Bias-T to prevent the
DC supply to MHA from shorting to ground via the antenna or base station output / input. Installed on diplexer port which is not connected to a Bias-T or the MHA. Small compact design. Practical installation. Reliable connection designed to withstand demanding environmental conditions, IP 65 design.

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WCDMA Antenna System

Antenna Down Tilt Solutions Feeder, Mast Head Amplifier and Accessories Feeder Sharing Solutions NSN Advanced Indoor Radio

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Co-siting with GSM (1/2)

Shared Antenna lines with shared antennas
Without NSN Mast Head Amplifiers With NSN Mast Head Amplifiers GSM/WCDMA Antenna GSM/WCDMA Antenna NSN Outdoor Bias-T PITA (Separate DC feed for additional MHAs)

GSM/WCDMA Diplexer Units

GSM/WCDMA Diplexer Units

DC-Stop
DC-Stop
1800 GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

NSN Bias-T
1800 GSM BTS WCDMA BTS

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Co-siting with GSM (2/2)

Sharing antennas using broad
band, multi band, dual band, and triple band antennas. Sharing feeder line using diplexer / triplexer. Antenna system sharing can be full or partial: Share antennas but
use separate feeders; Share feeder but use separate antennas.

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Smart Diplexer
Old Solution
1 SECTOR
MHAs CAN BE ANY LEGACY NSN OR NEW DUAL UNITS WITH AISG SUPPORT
RET ANTENNA DOWN TILT CAN BE CONTROLLED

New Solution

1 SECTOR

ANT 1

ANT 2

ANT 1

ANT 2

900 MHz

NEW OUTDOOR RATED BIAS TEE

1800 MHz

900 MHz
BTS 1 RET BTS 2

1800 MHz
BTS 1 RET BTS 2

FDWA
RET ANTENNA DOWN TILT CAN BE CONTROLLED

698-960 MHz WITH CONTROL

FEEDER IN 1

1710-2170 MHz WITH CONTROL

FDWA

698-960 MHz

FEEDER IN 2

1710-2170 MHz

LOW

HIGH

LOW

HIGH

CO M M O N

CO M M O N

SINGLE FILTERS HAVE DOUBLE HARDWARE COUNT AND INSTALL COST

OUTDOOR RATED BIAS TEE EXTENSION CABLES

RF FEEDER CONTAINS: TX/RX SIGNALS DC POWER AND CONTROL SIGNAL

EXTRA RET CONNECTORS

DIVERSITY RF FEEDER CONTAINS: TX/RX SIGNALS ONLY

EXISTING BIAS TEES FOR DC POWER AND LEGACY ALARMING.

NEW 3G FLEXI 900 MHz BTS WITH AISG SUPPORT

CO M M O N LOW HIGH

CO M M O N LOW HIGH

DC BLOCK

FAWA

698-960 FEEDER 1710-2170 MHz WITH OUT 1 MHz WITH CONTROL CONTROL

DC -48V

FEEDER 1710-2170 698-960 OUT 2 MHz MHz

FAWA

EXISTING 1800 MHz BTS

NEW 3G FLEXI 900 MHz BTS WITH AISG SUPPORT

EXISTING 1800 MHz BTS

Note: -48VDC needed to bottom unit if MHA in use

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Multiradio Combiner (MRC)

Diagram of Active Dual Multiradio Combiner 900MHz

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WCDMA Antenna System

Antenna Down Tilt Solutions Feeder, Mast Head Amplifier and Accessories Feeder Sharing Solutions NSN Advanced Indoor Radio

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NSN Advanced Indoor Radio (AIR)

NSN Advanced Indoor Radio is solution for 3GPP Local Area BTS applications with HSDPA support for NSN WCDMA UltraSite platform.
Optical Unit does not require linear power amplifier WPA or antenna filter WAF. Optical sectors and normal sectors are allowed in different combinations. Optical Unit is part of BTS's internal communication system. Optical Unit supports up to 16 Remote Units.

WCDMA BTS with WCDMA Optical Unit WOUD.

Single mode fibre, length up to 3 km.

WCDMA Remote Unit WRUC with integrated antenna.

Output pwr =15dBm

External Indoor Antennas (optional). Directional Omni

Tx Rx

AC Power

Coaxial Cable

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AIR Configuration
16 WRUs with one TRX, maximum coverage
TX1 WIC WOM
WRUC WRUC

WTRB/D

Rx1 main

WOUD WRUC WRUC WRUC WRUC WRUC

Rx1 div

WOM

1 cell 1 - 16 WRUs / cell

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Wideband Optical Unit (WOUD)

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Wideband Remote Unit (WRUC)

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