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Biology 11
Interesting Facts
A heart beats about 100,000 times a day and 35 million times a year. Every minute, the heart pumps our entire supply of blood -- about five litres -- through the body. In one day, the heart pumps nearly 7200 litres of blood. In a 70-year lifetime, it pumps about 185 million gallons. An aorta is almost the diameter of a garden hose, but it takes ten capillaries to equal the diameter of a strand of human hair. There are 100,000 km of blood vessels in each human! In ancient times, the heart was given special importance. The Chinese considered that happiness originated in the heart, and the Egyptians considered the heart to be the source of intelligence and emotion. Heart cells can beat on their own without intervention from the brain.
Small unicellular organisms do not need a circulatory system. Why do larger organisms need one? HINT: Think surface : volume ratio.
Functions Include Transport of life sustaining nutrients, O2, hormones Transport of wastes such as CO2 and urea. Protection from disease (Leukocytes) Clotting Maintaining constant body temperature. Helps with regulation of fluid levels in body. General movement of blood through blood vessels: heart arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins heart
BLOOD
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. It is composed of approximately 90% fluid along with blood proteins, glucose, vitamins, minerals, dissolved gases, and waste products of cell metabolism.
Components of Blood
Blood cells come from stem cells in bone marrow.
THINK!
Why would people with low Iron levels in their diet experience symptoms such as fatigue and muscle weakness?
Hemoglobin composed of mostly iron .:. Low Iron means reduced oxygen transport capacity!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pl ayer_embedded&v=DAXa4eR1s0M#!
REMEMBER
The hearts chambers are named as if you are facing someone! Right Atrium / Ventricle = Left Side of Page Left Atrium / Ventricle = Right Side of Page
Systemic Circuit path of blood: left side of the heart tissues in the body to deliver O2, nutrients, get pick up wastes right side of heart.
Tricuspid Valve
Aortic Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Blood Vessels
Veins: take blood to heart not always low in O2 branch into smaller veins called venules the lumens (openings) are larger than that of arteries but walls are thinner. depend on contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle to move blood. contain valves prevent backflow of blood.
Blood Vessels
Capillaries: tiny blood vessels. about 0.008 mm in diameter, just wide enough for one red blood cell to pass through. one cell thick; makes exchange of materials between blood and body cells easy. connect arterioles and venuoles the total length of all the capillaries in your body is 1000s of kilometres. Total surface area is nearly 6000 m2. Why? Penetrate almost every tissue in the body.
CV Word Scramble
Several structures of the circulatory system are listed below. Unscramble the terms to describe the flow of blood through the body. Start with "blood from the body". Present your answer as a flow chart-style graphic organizer.
Blood from the body bicuspid valve Superior vena cava carbon dioxide right ventricle Inferior vena cava pulmonary valve Left ventricle Oxygen Right atrium
oxygen body Left atrium Pulmonary artery Tricuspid valve Pulmonary veins lungs Aortic valve carbon dioxide Aorta
Right3 Atrium
Tricuspid 4 Valve
Lungs 8
Pulmonary Artery
6 Valve Pulmonary
5 Right Ventricle
Pick up Oxygen 10
Pulmonary 11 Veins
Left Atrium 12
Aorta
16
15 Aortic Valve
Left Ventricle
14
Bicuspid 13 Valve
Body
17
Dump Oxygen
19
Back to Heart
20
ECG (Electrocardiogram)
An ECG can be used to measure the electrical fields produced within the heart. Doctors can analyze such a ECG to diagnose heart problems.
Stimulated by brain in times of stress (fight or flight). It makes heart beat faster. Blood flow increases.
Stimulated by brain in times of relaxation. It makes heart beat slower. Blood flow decreases.
Tachycardia : When Heart Rate > 100 bpm. This can be caused by exercise or drugs such as caffeine or nicotine.
Blood pressure is the measure of force against the blood vessel walls Measured in the brachial artery (in upper arm). It is measured in the units mmHg (millimetres of mercury) Blood pressure is measured by a device called a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) Blood pressure has two readings; systole and diastole. Systole: blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting. Diastole: blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxed. Blood pressure varies with age, health, exercise. A typical resting BP is 120/80 (read as 120 over 80)
THINK!
Why does your face turn red and feel warm when you blush?