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A Framework for Control

COSOs five components of internal control and questions too important to ignore
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What is COSO?

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What is COSO?
COSO, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, is a private sector initiative established in 1985 by five financial professional associations.

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Who?

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Who?
The Institute of Internal Auditors

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Who?
The Institute of Internal Auditors American Institute of Certified Public Accountants

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Who?
The Institute of Internal Auditors American Institute of Certified Public Accountants American Accounting Association

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Who?
The Institute of Internal Auditors American Institute of Certified Public Accountants American Accounting Association Institute of Management Accountants
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Who?
The Institute of Internal Auditors American Institute of Certified Public Accountants American Accounting Association Institute of Management Accountants Financial Executives Institute
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Why?

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Why?
COSOs goal is to improve the quality of financial reporting through a focus on corporate governance, ethical practices, and internal control.
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Definition of Internal Control

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Definition of Internal Control


A process, effected by an entity's board of directors, management, and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives.

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Categories of Internal Control

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Categories of Internal Control


Effectiveness and efficiency of operations

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Categories of Internal Control


Effectiveness and efficiency of operations Reliability of financial reporting

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Categories of Internal Control


Effectiveness and efficiency of operations
Reliability of financial reporting Compliance with applicable laws and regulations

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Components of Internal Control

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Components of Internal Control


1. Control Environment

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Components of Internal Control


1. Control Environment
2. Risk Assessment

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Components of Internal Control


1. Control Environment
2. Risk Assessment

3. Control Activities

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Components of Internal Control


1. Control Environment
2. Risk Assessment

3. Control Activities
4. Information and Communication

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Components of Internal Control


1. Control Environment
2. Risk Assessment

3. Control Activities
4. Information and Communication 5. Monitoring

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Ask the Right Internal Control Questions about:

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ETHICS

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ETHICS
1. Do board members and senior executives set a day-in, day-out example of high integrity and ethical behavior?

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ETHICS
2. Is there a written code of conduct for employees, and is it reinforced by training, top down communications, and requirements for periodic written statements of compliance from key employees?

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ETHICS
3. Are performance and incentive compensation targets reasonable and realistic, or do they create undue pressure on achievement of shortterm results?

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ETHICS
4. Is it clear that fraudulent financial reporting at any level and in any form will not be tolerated?

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ETHICS
5. Are ethics woven into criteria that are used to evaluate individual and business unit performance?

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ETHICS
6. Does management react appropriately when receiving bad news from subordinates and business units?

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ETHICS
7. Does a process exist to resolve close ethical calls?

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ETHICS
8. Are business risks identified and candidly discussed with the board of directors?

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RISK

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RISK
1. Is relevant and reliable internal and external information identified, compiled, and communicated in a timely manner to those who are positioned to act?

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RISK
2. Are risks identified and analyzed, and actions taken to mitigate them?

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RISK
3. Are controls in place to assure that management decisions are properly carried out?

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INTERNAL CONTROL

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INTERNAL CONTROL
1. Do senior and line management executives demonstrate that they accept control responsibility, not just delegate that responsibility to financial and audit staff?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
2. Does management routinely monitor controls in process of running the organizations operations?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
3. Does management clearly assign responsibilities for training and monitoring of internal controls?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
4. Are periodic, systematic evaluations of control systems conducted and documented?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
5. Are such evaluations conducted by personnel with appropriate responsibilities, business experience, and knowledge of the organizations affairs?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
6. Are appropriate criteria established to evaluate controls?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
7. Are control deficiencies reported to higher levels of management and corrected on a timely basis?

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INTERNAL CONTROL
8. Are appropriate controls built in as new systems are designed and brought on stream?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
1. Has the board recently reviewed adequacy of the audit committees written charter?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
2. Are audit committee members functioning and, in fact, independent of management?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
3. Do audit committee members possess an appropriate mix of operating and financial control expertise?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
4. Does the audit committee understand and monitor the broad organizational control environment?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
5. Does the audit committee oversee appropriateness, relevance, and reliability of operational and financial reporting to the board, as well as to investors and other external users?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
6. Does the audit committee oversee existence of and compliance with ethical standards?

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AUDIT COMMITTEES
7. Does the audit committee or full board have a meaningful but challenging relationship with independent auditors, internal auditors, senior financial control executives, and key corporate and business unit operating executives?

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INTERNAL AUDITING

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INTERNAL AUDITING
1. Does internal auditing have the support of top management, the audit committee, and the board of directors as a whole?

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INTERNAL AUDITING
2. Has the written scope of internal audit responsibilities been reviewed by the audit committee for adequacy?

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INTERNAL AUDITING
3. Is the organizational relationship between internal auditing and senior executives appropriate?

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INTERNAL AUDITING
4. Does internal auditing have and use open lines of communication and private access to all senior officers and the audit committee?

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INTERNAL AUDITING
5. Are audit reports covering the right subjects distributed to the right people and acted upon in a timely manner?

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INTERNAL AUDITING
6. Do key audit executives possess an appropriate level of expertise?

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For More about the Framework:

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For More about the Framework:

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A Framework for Control


This presentation was produced by

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The IIA is the internal audit professions global voice, recognized authority, acknowledged leader, chief advocate and principal educator worldwide.

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