PRESENTED BY:

HITESH GUPTA

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS MICROCONTROLLER PIC HISTORY OF PIC PIN DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM APPLICATIONS

Content Cont
OrCad

Orcad design flow Orcad Capture(Schematic Design) Selecting footprints Orcad layout plus Task Involved in Layout Design Layout

Introduction

An embedded controller is a controller (or computer) that is embedded into some device for some purpose other than to provide general purpose computing

Characteristics
Perform a single set of functions. Works in a time constrained environment. Provides high-performance and reliability Mostly Embedded systems have low cost because they are mass produced in millions. Some Embedded systems have mechanical moving parts like disk drives as they are less reliable as compared to solid state parts such as Flash memory.

Introduction

Microcontrollers are single chip computer. Peripheral Interface Controller from Microchip Technology

History of PIC

The 8-bit PIC was developed in 1975 to improve performance of the overall system The Microchip 16C84 (PIC16x84), introduced in 1993
It was called as a EPROM memory on a chip
It was refer as internal memory controller.

FEATURES OF PIC c

They are RISC processors and uses Harvard architecture.

Different bus widths of data and program memory.

Only 35 instructions. Most instructions take 0.2 microseconds to execute when operated at 20 MHz. Instruction set is highly orthogonal. 1-3 Timers with 8/16 bit prescalar.

Watch Dog timer (WDT)

Features Contd
13-33 I/O pins. 3-12 interrupt Sources. 4/8 Channel, 8 bit on chip ADC. Power on Reset. (POR) Brown out Reset (BOR). Capture/Compare/ PWM modules. USART Synchronous serial port (SSP) with SPI and I2C.

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN P & C

Microprocessor
1. Contains no on chip RAM, ROM, I/O, TIMER, Serial port . 2. Used in General Purpose applications

Micro-controller
1. Contains on chip RAM, ROM, I/O, TIMER, Serial port . 2. Used in Specific Purpose applications

3. Dont provide data storage facility.

4. The structure of uP is as given below
Data Bus

3. Provides data storage facility.

4. The structure of uC is as given below

CPU
CPU General purpose uP RAM ROM I/O
TIMER
SERIAL COM PORT

RAM

ROM

I/O

TIMER
COM PORT

SERIAL

Address Bus

PIN DIAGRAM

I/o Ports
Port A RA0 to RA4 ( 5 lines) (Address 05) RA4 has alternate function. TRISA(85H)is SFR used to configure these lines individually as either inputs or outputs. Setting bit in TRIS will configure as input and 0 will configure as output. Port BRB0 to RB7(8 lines).TRISBIt has weak internal pull up which is to be enabled . POR disables pull ups.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PIC C

PIC Architecture
ALU Size is 8 bit Performs operations with temporary working register and (W register) and any register file. W register8 bit wide. It contains one of source operands during execution of instruction and may serve as the destination for the result of operation. Used only for ALU operations. STATUS Register C = Carry Bit DC = Digits Carry (Same as AC)

Architecture Contd..
Z = Zero TO = Reset status bit ( Time out bit) PD = Reset status bit ( Power down)These bits are used along with SLEEP mode. After coming out from SLEEP processor checks these bits to determine which kind of event is responsible for bringing out of SLEEP mode. RP0 = Register Bank Select bit.If 0 selects bank 0 otherwise bank 1.

Architecture Contd..
FSR Register (File Selection Register) FSR is a pointer used for indirect memory addressing in the whole register file. In indirect addressing mode one has to write address byte in FSR and then use INDF ( Indirect thro FSR).INDF is used in instruction. PCLATH (PC Latch) Can be independently read or written like any other register. Its different from PC and is separate entity.

Applications
Telecom
Mobile phone systems (handsets and base stations), Modems, Routers

Automotive applications
Braking systems, Traction control, Airbag release systems, Enginemanagement units, Steer-by-wire systems, Cruise control applications

Domestic appliances
Dishwashers, Televisions, Washing machines, Microwave ovens, Video recorders, Security systems, Garage door controllers, Calculators, Digital watches, VCRs, Digital cameras, Remote controls, Treadmills.

Robotic
Fire fighting robo, Automatic floor cleaner, Robotic arm

Applications
Aerospace applications
Flight control systems, Engine controllers, Autopilots, Passenger inflight entertainment systems

Medical equipment
An aesthesia monitoring systems, ECG monitors, Pacemakers, Drug delivery systems, MRI scanners

Defense systems
Radar systems, Fighter aircraft flight control systems, Radio systems, Missile guidance systems

Office Automation
Laser printers, Fax machines, Pagers, Cash registers, Gas pumps, Credit/Debit card readers, Thermostats, Grain analyzers

Or CAD

OrCAD Layout

OrCAD Smartroute

Orcad design flow

Capture

Gerber tools

Gerber and plotter drawing

Layout
Libraries Gerber and drill files

Footprint libraries

Orcad Capture(Schematic Design)

Schematic diagram provides the functional flow and the graphical representation of an electronic circuit

Selecting footprints

Orcad layout plus

PCB design environment for orcad design flow

Task Involved in Layout Design

Design template selection Selecting foot prints for different components Setting up board parameters like grid,place,layers etc. Placing parts using reconnect mode Routing the pcb using online DRC Copper pouring of entire design Post processing and generation of gerber data

LAYOUT