NUTRITIO N DURING ADULTHO OD

Presented by: Group 6: Gonzalez, Frederick; Lumagas, Jayson; San Esteban Zhyrine; Tampus, Liberty; Tan, Mj; Tria, Louie

NUTRITION DURING ADULTHOOD

Objectives: After studying this topic, the student should be able to:

Identify the nutritional needs of young adults and the middle-aged Explain sensible, long-range weight control for this age group Discuss diet-related diseases that can be prevented by good nutrition at this age: osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes

NUTRITION DURING ADULTHOOD

Objectives:
Identify changes with age you probably must accept and can slow or prevent. Know the strategies for growing old healthfully.

NUTRITION DURING ADULTHOOD

ADULTHOOD

Divided into three periods: Young , middle, and late adulthood.

DIET DURING YOUNG AND MIDDLE ADULTHO OD

YOUNG ADULTHOOD
A time of excitement and exploration. The age range runs from about 18 to 40 years of age . Individuals are alive with plans, desires, and energy as they begin searching for and finding their

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
The middle period ranges from about 40 to 65 years of age. This is a time when the physical activities of young adulthood typically begin to decrease, resulting in lowered caloric

DIET DURING YOUNG AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

During young to middle adulthood, the beginnings of osteoporosis may also be evident. A diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and fluoride is thought to help

OSTEOPOROSIS

A condition in which bones become brittle because there have been insufficient mineral deposits, especially calcium.

OSTEOPOROSIS

OSTEOPOROSIS

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The amount of specific nutrient needed by the body.

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Growth is usually complete by the age of 25. Consequently, except during pregnancy and lactation, the essential nutrients are needed only to maintain and repair body tissue and to produce energy. During these years, the nutrient

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
The iron requirement for women throughout the childbearing years remains higher than that for men. Extra iron is needed to replace blood loss during menstruation and help to build both the infants and the extra maternal blood needed during pregnancy. After menopause, this requirement for women matches that of men.

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Protein needs for adults are thought to be 0.8 gram per kilogram of bogy weight. To determine the specific amount, one must divide the weight in pounds by 2.2 to obtain the weight in kilograms and then

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The current requirement for calcium for adults from 19 to 50 is 1,000 mg, and for vitamin D, 5 ug. Bone loss begins slowly, at about the age of 35 to 40, and can lead to osteoporosis later. It is wise for young people, especially women, who are prone to osteoporosis than men, to consume foods that provide more

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Three glasses of milk a day nearly fulfill the requirement for each of these nutrients. Increasing this amount could prevent osteoporosis. Fat-free milk or foods made from fat-free milk should be consumed to

Sources of Calcium

CALORIE/KCAL REQUIREMENT S

The number of calories required daily to meet energy needs.

KCAL VALUE Number of kcal in a specific amount of specific food or beverage. LEAN MUSCLE MASS

CALORIE REQUIREMENTS
Calorie requirements begin to diminish after the age of 25, as basal metabolism rates decrease. After 25 years, a person will gain weight if the total calories are not reduced according to actual need, which will be determined by activity, BMI (REE), and amount of lean muscle mass. Those who are more active will

CATEGO AGE WEIG RY (year HT s) (kg) (lb) MALES 19-24 72

Median Weights and Heights and Recommended Daily Energy Intake for Adults
HEIG HT (cm) (in) 177 70 176 70 173 68 164 65 163 1,350 1,380 1.60 1.55 38 36 2,200 2,200 REE (calo ries/d ay) 1,780 1,800 1,530 AVERA GE ENERG Y 1.67 1.60 1.50

ALLO CALORI WANC ES per E day per kg 40 37 30 2,900 2,900 2,300

160 35-50 51+ 77 79 174 170

FEMALE 19-24 58 S 128 25-50 63

NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
1. HYPERTENSION or High Blood Pressure higher than normal blood pressure, which can lead to strokes. It is associated with diets high in salt or possibly low in calcium. It is thought that the earlier a person reduces salt intake, the better that persons chances of avoiding

NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
2. OBESITY Excessive body fat, 20% above average. Common cause:

ENERGY IMBALANCE Eating either too much or too little for the amount of energy expended

NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
3. Diabetes Mellitus

a chronic disease which develops when the body does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin or does not use it effectively for normal carbohydrate metabolism. Diet is important in the

NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
4. Heart Disease Heart attack and stroke are the major cause of death especially in the US. They occur when arteries become blocked (occluded), preventing the normal passage of blood. These occlusions (blockages) are caused by blood clots that form and are unable to pass through an unnaturally narrowed

NUTRIENT PROBLEMS

Arteries are narrowed by plaque, a fatty substance containing cholesterol that accumulates in the walls or the artery. This condition is called atherosclerosis, a form of atherosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the artery walls. Excessive cholesterol and saturated fats in the diets over many years contribute to

OSTEOPOROS IS

A condition in which the amount of calcium is reduced, making them porous. A bone density scan can be done with a special X-ray to determine if one has osteoporosis. It is typically unnoticed at its onset, which occurs at approximately age 45, and it may be noticed at all until a fracture occurs.

OSTEOPOROSIS

It is thought that years of sedentary life coupled with a diet deficient in calcium, vitamin D, and fluoride contribute to it. Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) helps to prevent osteoporosis to women. A diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin D plus an appropriate exercise program

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIO N

WEIGHT CONTROL Overweight can cause health problems. Cases of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and hypertension are more numerous among the overweight than among those of normal weight. The lives of overweight individuals are generally shorter than are those of people who are not overweight. They are prone to social and emotional

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION

Energy imbalance is the most common cause of overweight. In other words, if one is overweight, chances are that more calories have been taken

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION

An intake of 3, 500 calories more than the body needs for maintenance and activities will result in a weight gain of 1 pound. An individual who overeats by only 200 calories a day can gain 20 pounds in 1 year. When nutrient requirements remain static but calorie requirements decrease,

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION

Individuals who are overweight simply because of energy imbalance, a program of weight loss, which includes exercise, should be undertaken. The diet should be based on MyPyramid, and eating habits should be taught so that the lost weight will not be regained later.

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION

Exercise will increase the number of calories burned, but exercise alone will not solve the problem. The most effective way of weight loss is increased exercise combined with reduced calories. This will help tone the muscles as excess fat is loss. Exercise may also increase

NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION

A healthy eating plan is easiest to follow when it is based on MyPyramid. This will help aid the dieter in obtaining needed nutrients, will help change previously unsatisfactory eating habits, and will allow him or her to adapt, and

2,000-calorie Daily Menu

LUNCH
Roast beef sandwich: 3 oz roast beef 2 slices toast 1 tbsp mayonnaise Lettuce 1 cup fat-free milk 1 orange 200 150 100 10 85 75

2,000-calorie Daily Menu

2 oz broiled fish 1 baked potato 1 tbsp margarine green peas Tossed salad with 1 tbsp dressing 1 cup fat-free milk cup ice cream 1 oatmeal cookie TOTAL

DINNER

150 100 150 50 150 86 200 100 986 calories

Overall total calories: 2, 034 calories

Graying of hair Balding Some drying and wrinkling of skin Impairment of near vision Some loss of hearing Reduced taste, smell, and touch sensitivity Slowed reactions

Age You Probably Must Accept

Changes with Age You Probably Must Accept

Slowed mental function Diminished visual memory Menopause (women) Loss of fertility Loss of joint

Changes with Age You Probably Can Slow or Prevent:

By exercising, eating an adequate diet, reducing stress, and planning ahead, you may be able to slow or prevent: Wrinkling of skin due to sun damage Elevated blood pressure and blood cholesterol Accelerated resting heart rate Reduced lung capacity and oxygen uptake

Changes with Age You Probably Can Slow or Prevent:

Decreased maximum work rate Loss of sexual functioning Loss of joint flexibility Diminished oral health: loss of teeth and gum disease Bone loss Digestive problems, constipation

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

1.

Choose nutrient-dense foods.

Nutrient Density A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides. The more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the nutrient density.

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

2. Be physically active. Walk, run, dance, swim, bike, or row for aerobic activity. Lift weights, do calisthenics, or pursue some other activity to tone, firm, and strengthen muscles. Practice balancing on one foot or doing simple

3. Maintain appropriate body weight.

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

4.Reduce stress (cultivate selfesteem, maintain a positive attitude, manage time wisely, know your limits, practice assertiveness, release tension, and take action).

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

6. For people who smoke,

discuss with a physician strategies and programs to help you quit. 7. Expect to enjoy sex, and learn new ways of enhancing it. 8. Use alcohol only

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

9. Take care to prevent accidents. 10. Expect good vision and hearing throughout life; obtain glasses and hearing aids if necessary. 11. Take care of your teeth; obtain denture if necessary.

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

12. Be alert to confusion as a disease symptom, and seek diagnosis. 13. Take medications as prescribed; see a physician before self prescribing medicines or herbal remedies and a registered dietician before self-prescribing supplements. 14. Control depression through

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD

HEALTHFULLY
15. Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water everyday. 16. Practice mental skills. Keep on solving math problems and crossword puzzles, playing cards or other games, reading, writing, imagining, and creating.

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

18. Accept change. Work at recovering at losses; make new friends. 19. Cultivate spiritual health. Cherish personal values. Make life meaningful. 20. Go outside for sunshine

21. Be socially active play bridge, join an exercise or dance group, take a class, eat with friends, volunteer time to help others.

STRATEGIES FOR GROWING OLD HEALTHFULLY

22. Stay interested in life pursue a hobby, spend time with grandchildren, take a trip, read, grow a garden, or go to the movies.