FUNDAMENTAL OF MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION

ADVANCED PAVEMENT MATERIAL (MFH 10203)

BY Mohd Safri Jamaludin Nazri Abdul Rahman Nor Farah Azura Abd. Kadir

Mohamad Khalid Ali

Table of content
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Road pavement layer Subgred soil Pavement material Engineering properties References

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1. Introduction
Basically, all hard surfaced pavement types can be categorized into two groups, flexible and rigid. Flexible pavements are those which are surfaced with bituminous (or asphalt) materials. These can be either in the form of pavement surface treatments (such as a bituminous surface treatment (BST) generally found on lower volume roads) or, HMA surface courses (generally used on higher volume roads such as the Interstate highway network).

These types of pavements are called "flexible" since the total pavement structure "bends" or "deflects" due to traffic loads. A flexible pavement structure is generally composed of several layers of materials which can accommodate this "flexing. Flexible pavement there have two main component. There are subgrade soil and pavement surfacing.

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2. Road Pavement Layer

Road Pavement Layer (http://www.eurobitume.eu/bitumen/applications/roads)

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3. Subgred Soil
The sub-base and subgred layers constitute the foundations of the road structure, and since the formation and sub-soil often comprise of relatively weak materials, it is of utmost importance that the damaging loadings are effectively eliminated by the layers above. These sub-base layers consist of unbound materials, such as indigenous soil, crushed or uncrushed aggregate, or re-used secondary material.

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texture

FIELD IDENTIFIC ATION

plasticity organic content

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3.1 Field Identification

Texture Visual Examination Sedimentation/Dispersion. Plasticity Ribbon/Thread. Dry Strength/Breaking. Shaking/Dilatency. Organic Content Smell Feel Colour

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4. Pavement Material
Pavement materials are classified according to their use and type within a pavement system. Thus, one level of classification is subbase, base, and surface. This classification scheme describes the location of the materials within the pavement system. However, it also provides information about the purpose of the materials. For example, the surface layer is intended to provide a smooth, safe, and durable layer upon which vehicles can travel as well as being a major contributor to the pavements structural capacity. The base course also contributes significantly to the pavement capacity, particularly when treated with a stabilizing agent, and it also provides positive drainage and protection against frost.

Aggregate Base

Treated Base

Pavement Surfacing

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4.1 Aggregate Base

There are three different approaches to the design and construction of aggregate bases. The base courses resulting from these approaches may be either permeable (drainable) or densely graded (relatively impermeable).
Permeable Bases.

Pavement Reclamation.

Dense-graded Aggregate Bases.

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4.2 Treated Base

Treated bases consist of a granular material to which a stabilizing agent has been added. The most commonly used stabilizing materials in Minnesota are asphalt cement used in permeable asphalt stabilized base and asphalt emulsion used in cold mix recycling.
Bituminoustreated Base.

Chemical and Other Treatment Agents.

Cement, Lime, and Lime-Fly Ash Treatments.

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4.3 Pavement Surfacings

The pavement surface must be constructed to a higher standard than other layers in the pavement structure. It is subjected to both direct loadings from the applied traffic and greater wear from environmental factors. The surface layer is designed to provide a smooth riding surface while maintaining adequate friction. Aggregates

Bituminous

Portland Cement Concrete

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5. 1 Engineering Properties (EP) For Aggregate Base

Gradatio n.

Quality

Crushing

Elastic Modulus and Poissons Ratio

EP
Strength Permeabi lity

Moisture/ Density

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5.1.1 Strength
Strength. Strength is the engineering property of greatest importance for an aggregate layer. Therefore, several different methods for determining aggregate strength have been developed. (1) California Bearing Ratio. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a widely used measure of the strength of aggregate base materials. This test is also empirical in nature. CBR is a measure of the load required to produce a 2.5mm (0.1-inch) penetration in a standard aggregate base sample, and is actually a relative indication of the samples strength compared to that of a well-graded crushed stone aggregate. The CBR of a well-graded crushed stone aggregate will typically be close to 100. (2) Triaxial Test for Shear Strength. Standard samples are loaded in a compression cell at different confining pressures to produce a Mohr failure envelope, which provides the cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction () of the material. The relative values of these parameters may be used to estimate the shear strength of the material. (3) Granular Equivalency. The granular equivalency (G.E.) factor is a means of equating the structural performance of an aggregate course to the structural performance of a high-quality aggregate base, such as a Class 6. As such, the G.E. is also an empirical approach to classifying the strength characteristics of an aggregate material.

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5.2 Engineering Properties Bituminous Mixtures (Virgin And Recycled)

Gradation.

EP
Friction.
Bituminous wear and non-wear course mixtures
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References
Pavement Design, http://www.dot.state.mn.us/materials/pvmtdesign/manual.html

Material Charaterization, http://www.eng.upm.edu.my/webkaw/coursenotes/4611/notes2.htm

Road Pavement Material Characterization and Rehabilitation: Selected Papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, http://ascelibrary.org/doi/book/10.1061/9780784410431 Asphalt Materials Characterization in Support of Implementation of the Proposed Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=806282

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Thank you