EOCT Review Questions

2. The Enlightenment is BEST described as what? a. the document declaring U.S. independence b. a historical period featuring new thoughts on government and politics c. the moment it became clear the colonies should be independent. d. the ideas of British philosophers

Unit 4: A Nation Divided

Lesson 2: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty

c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism.

Tensions over slavery and states rights

The tension over slavery that strengthened during the early 1800s became an extension of the states rights issue Rather than state leaders arguing over whether the institution of slavery was right or wrong, they began to argue over who had the power (the states or the National Government) to decide whether or not to allow slavery in a territory/state

The States Rights argument

The states rights dates back to creation of the Constitution- They argued that, the Federal Government should only be allowed to do things SPECIFICALLY listed in the Constitution of the United States. Opinion: Whose right is it to tell states what they can or cant do? Can states decide for themselves? Or should there be unity within the country?

 The North:

Northern and Southern economies

Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.) Benefits from cheaper American manufactured goods (more people will buy American products

Northern and Southern Economies

The South:
Large farms/plantations, cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms Dependent on slavery

The Nullification Crisis

During the early 1800s, there was a rise of manufacturing in the North. The National government began imposing Tariffs in order to help out the Norths manufacturing business Imports = foreign goods Tariff = tax on imports Tariffs = more expensive foreign goods, which means Tariffs = less expensive domestic goods Does this sound like a good idea?

Tariffs sound good, right?

Tariffs were good for the north, as manufacturing was more concentrated there But, tariffs werent as helpful for the southern economy, which requires trading raw materials with foreign countries Tariffs = less Americans buying foreign goods Tariffs = less foreign trade = less foreign countries buying cotton produced in the south=BAD FOR SOUTH

In 1828
Congress passed high tariffs to protect manufactured goods. Who are the supporters and opponents of these tariffs?

Nullification Crisis
South Carolina (led by the Vice President of the time, John C. Calhoun) disliked the oppressive new tariff They declared to nullify or get rid of, the federal law, meaning they would not enforce the tariff in South Carolina If the National Government forced them to comply, they threatened secession (separation from the Union)

Force Bill and Compromise

The current President, Andrew Jackson, requested that Congress authorize him to use military force in order to force SC to comply with the tariff At the same time, a compromise tariff was passed in Congress that reduced tariffs within 10 years So, no nullification, and no secession

Effects of the Nullification Crisis

1. Increasing sectionalism (Differences between North and South) 2. More conflict over states rights and slavery

The Big Picture

How does this issue between SC and the National Government reflect the states rights issue? How was this issue related to slavery? Read the opposing arguments of John Calhoun and William Lloyd Garrison to find out.

Concept Cups
Topic: Nullification Crisis
Which concept cup does the topic belong in? WHY?

Read the South Carolina Protest

Read the excerpts from the primary source, South Carolina Exposition and protest Discussion: why was South Carolina so upset about the Tariff of 1828 (aka the Tariff of Abominations?)? What was the bigger issue?