India Health

Created for U3A-Okeover.org Arindam Basu University of Canterbury, arin.basu@gmail.com

About India

Located in South Asia Himalayas to the North Indian Ocean to the South (Indian Ocean?) About 10 hours flight from New Zealand

Neighbours

Indian States

Himalayas to the North

Indian Ocean to the South

Some of the Oldest Continually Lived Cities are in India, for instance, Varanasi

Complexity of India
One of the Oldest Continually Lived Countries in the world 1.2 Billion People 35 states, federal republic, Westminster type government Wide Disparity in Wealth Distribution (Northern Californias within Subsaharan Africas Amartya Sen)

Health Workforce Issues

Crude Birthrate 23 per 1000 Fertility Rate: 2.3 (~2 children per woman) Ratio of Health Professionals per population: 1.9 (~ 2 health care workers per 1000 people!)

Indias population growth rates

Indias Health Problems: Illnesses

Indias Health Problems: Deaths

Indias Health Issues: Risk Factors

Different Systems in India

Evolution of Indian Health Systems

Ancient Era (Ayurveda Mainly) Advent of the Persians and Mughal Rule in India (Unani and Middle Eastern Traditional Medicine) East India Company and the British Raj (Establishment of the Modern Allopathic Medical Care) but also Complementary and Alternative Medicine Integrative Medicine in India and Innovations

Ayurveda: Susruta the Surgeon

Susruta was a surgeon whose techniques of rhinoplasty are relevant even today

Ayruveda: Charaka-Samhita
System of Natural Medicine Developed Indigenously in India The Experts Travelled far and Wide Indian Medicine Was Known throughout the Greek and Roman Empire

Advents of the British

Establishment of East India Company
Established in 1600 to trade in the East Indies in opium, saltpetre, dye, tea, cotton and Silk by the Royal Charter Covenant of the Crown and Established its first Medical College in India in 1835

Medical College Calcutta

Calcutta Medical College was the Medical College Established in 1835 , and the first medical school in Asia, and one of the firsts anywhere outside of Europe

Indians Have Pioneered Several Landmark Medical Drugs & Devices

Dr. Kedar Nath Das Invented Forceps that are used for difficult delivery of babies

Sir Ronald Ross and Malaria Research Ross won Nobel Prize in 1902 for his work on Malaria The work was accomplished at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Sir Upendranath Brahmacari identified the causal agents of Kala Azar, a protozoan parasitic fever (Leishmaniasis)

The work was accomplished at the School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in Calcutta

Post Independence, Indian Excellence in Medical Care Continued But there are Challenges and New Turns

Vignette of Indian Healthcare Industry

Highly Fragmented Private Sector: 80-85% US $6.5 Billion total investment US $86 Billion Spends 4.2% GDP on Healthcare (World Average: 8.5%) Healthcare spend: US $65 Billion Projected to: US $100 billion by 2015

Major Players in Indian Hospital Systems

Does India-New Zealand Partnership Matter?

India & NZ: Long standing Friendship, Shared legacy, lots of commonalities: British Colonial Recent Past, English Language, Cricket, Westminster type governance, democracy Yet they shared flip-flop relations

 NZ welcomes India to Commonwealth, helps to set up All India Institute of Medical Sciences under Colombo Plan NZ sided with India during the 1962 war with China, & again in 1971 Bangladesh War PM Norman Kirk played proactive role during his tenure as Labour PM (1972-1974) despite Indias first nuclear explosion PM Robert Muldoons Time, NZ decided to sell the Chancery plot in New Delhi, Consulate in New Delhi was closed and reopened PM David Lange: Sir Ed was appointed as NZs ambassador to India Again took a turn for the worse following 1998 Pokhran Nuclear Blast

Where do we build this friendship to develop health care?

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