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Overview
DTMF Introduction Architecture Encoding Transmission Decoding Security KPML Introduction Operation Key Concepts DRegex Security
DTMF
Method to instruct the telephone switching system of number to be dialed To issue commands to switching system or related telephony systems Numbers and commands issued from a keypad Used mostly in interactive response systems
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Architecture
Three modules
Generation
Transmission
Decoding
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Keypad Frequencies
Set of high frequencies
Payload format designated as telephoneevent Media type is audio/telephone-event Carried as part of audio stream Considered a very highly compressed audio codec
End of event
Reserved, set to 0
Decoding
Security
Telephone event payload highly compressed Very high sensitivity to even small changes in bit values Secure Real Time Protocol must be implemented
KPML
Capturing DTMF tones that are supplemental or mid-call key presses SIP event notification package SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY methods used Goal is to optimize memory usage and processing time
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(2) 200 OK
(3) ACK
(4) SUBSCRIBE (5) 200 OK (6) NOTIFY (7) 200 OK (8) (9) NOTIFY (Digits) (10) 200 OK
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Key Concepts
Subscription Duration Timers
Inter-Digit
Extra
Non-persistent
Persistent
Critical
Single NOTIFY
Continuous NOTIFY
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Key Concepts
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DRegex
Digit Regular expression mapping of POSIX extended regular expressions POSIX not used directly
Mapping used
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DRegex
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KPML Security
Sensitive information may be typed in through keypad Unauthenticated subscriptions can create problems too Use of mechanisms such as TLS, sips, S/MIME recommended
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Conclusion
DTMF maps keypad characters to a combination of predefined frequencies Transported as an RTP payload and decoded using Goertzel algorithm KPML enables transport of mid-call key press information A SIP-centric model that makes use of DRegex
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References
http://nemesis.lonestar.org/reference/telec om/signaling/dtmf.html http://www.corp.att.com/history/milestone _1963.html http://ltl13.exp.sis.pitt.edu/WebSite/Gloss ary/Letters/D.htm RFC 4733; H. Schulzrinne, M.Taylor RFC 4730; E. Burger, M. Dolly
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