Chapter 5

csLiverEnzy.mov
 Inputs & Outputs of
Energy
Energy

First Law of Thermodynamics – the total

amount of energy in a system is constant

Second Law of Thermodynamics – entropy

Overall, energy flows in one direction

energy_constant.swf
 ATP
This is the main source of energy of cells.
ATP readily gives up a phosphate group to
other molecules and primes them to react.
Such phosphate group transfers are known
atp_cycle.swf

as phosphorylation

atp_cycle.swf
Up and Down the Energy
Hill
Endergonic – reactions which require energy
input

Exergonic – reactions which release energy in

the process

energy_changes.swf
atp_function.swf
Inputs & Outputs of
Substances
Diffusion, Membranes, &
Metabolism
What determines whether a
substance will move one way or
another to and from a cell, across
that cell’s membrane or through the
cell itself
 Selective Permeability
The molecular structure of the cell membrane
allows some substances but not others to
cross it in certain ways at certain times.
 Words to define

Concentration Gradient
Diffusion
Passive Transport

diffusion.mov
 Metabolic Reactions
Reactants
Intermediates energy_hill.swf

Products

Energy carriers
enzyme_substrate.swf
Enzymes
Cofactors
Transport proteins
 Redox Reactions
Electron Transfer chains

energy_staircase.swf
 Types of Metabolic
Pathways
Biosynthetic or anabolic

Degradative or catabolic
 Selective Permeability

Diffusion.mov

passive_transport.swf

passive_transport.mov
 What determines
diffusion rates?
1. Steepness of the concentration gradient
2. Temperature
3. Size of molecules
4. Electric gradient
5. Pressure gradient
 Active Transport

Active Trans port.mov active_trans port.mov

active_transport.swf
sodium_potassium.swf

diffus ion_and_trans port.s wf

 Bulk Transport

endocytosis.mov

Exocytosis Anim.mov
Pathways of Endocytosis
1. Formation of an endocytic vesicle

2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Recept Med Endo Anim.mov

3. Phagocytosis receptor_endocytosis.swf

4. Pinocytosis

Pinocytosis Anim.mov
Phagocytosis Anim.mov phagocytosis.swf
Membrane Cycling

membrane_cycling.swf
 Movement of Water
Bulk Flow – mass movement of one or more
substances in response to pressure, gravity,
or another external force

Osmosis -

osmosisTonus.mov

solute_osmosis.swf
 Tonicity
-Relative solute concentrations of two fluids

Osmosis.dcr Hypo.s wf

Is o.s wf

Hyper.s wf