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By the late 70s the Japanese industry had become very successful in various industries such as steel, electronics, and auto industries, among others.
The Japanese were surpassing American and European companies. Westerners wanted to know why.
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Studies done in 1981 by Richard Pascale and Anthony Athos showed that the main reason for Japanese success was their superior management techniques. They divided management into 7 aspects:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Strategy Structure Systems Skills Staff Style Subordinate goals (shared values).
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The first three of the 7 S's were called hard factors and this is where American companies excelled. The remaining four factors (skills, staff, style, and shared values) were called soft factors and were not well understood by American businesses of the time.
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5. Value oriented CEOs The CEO should actively
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Strategic management is a continuous process that appraises the business and industries in which the organization is involved; its competitors; and fixes goals to meet all the present and future competitors and then reassesses each strategy.
Gap Analysis
Strategic Issues Deliberate/intended Benchmarking
Strategies
Emergent Strategies Ongoing Strategic Programming
Strategic Goals Action Plans Tactics
Strategic Thinking
Process Illustrated
Goal Setting
Vision,misiion,objectives
Analysis
Resources Environment IOE &EOE
Strategy Evaluation
Strategic Management
Strategy monitoring
Strategy Formulation
Efficiency & effectiveness
Strategy Implementation
Wholesale Prioritized Phases
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(b) Deployment
Plan Completion With assistance of other staffers to complete the objectives, strategies and action plans based on the strategic foundation Plan Communication Publishing and distributing the plan throughout the organization
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(c) Implementation
Resourcing the plan Provision of the necessary resources (finance, staff, materials, equipment, info) for the implementation of the plan Putting it into action Implementing the action plans Using the tactics Managing the actions Implementing the controls Checking the performance indicators (PIs)
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