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23 6.02 X 10
What is a mole?
A.) A blind furry animal.
B.) A brown mark on
Although a mole might be cute and fuzzy, we are going to focus on the Chemistry concept.
Counting Atoms
Chemistry is a quantitative science - we need a
"counting unit."
The MOLE 1 mole is the amount of substance that contains as
23 10
So one mole of eggs would be 6.022 x 1023 eggs One mole of pencils would be 6.022 x 1023 pencils And so on...
One mole of $100 bills stacked one on top of another would reach from the Sun to Pluto and back 7.5 million Times!!!!
It would take light 9500 years to travel from the bottom to the top of a stack of 1 mole of $1 bills!!!!
Avogadros Number
A MOLE of any substance contains as many elementary units (atoms
and molecules) as the number of atoms in 12 g of the isotope of carbon-12. This number is called AVOGADROs number NA = 6.02 x 1023 particles/mol The mass of one mole of a substance is called MOLAR MASS Examples H2 hydrogen 2 g/mol He helium 4 g/mol N2 nitrogen 28 g/mol O2 oxygen 32 g/mol CO2 carbon dioxide 44 g/mol
The Mole
1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies 1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies 1 dozen cars = 12 cars 1 mole of cars = 6.02 X 1023 cars
Note that the NUMBER is always the same, but the MASS is very different!
Using the mole concept is very much like using dozen. How many eggs are in 3.5 dozen eggs?
Equivalence statement: 1 dozen eggs = 12 eggs
)(
12 eggs
1 dozen
= 42 eggs
3.5 mole Mg
)(
= 2.1X1024 Mg atoms
13
Mole Calculations I
How many sodium atoms are in 0.120 mol Na?
Step 1: we want atoms of Na Step 2: we have 0.120 mol Na Step 3: 1 mole Na = 6.02 1023 atoms Na
0.120 mol Na
Mole Calculations I
How many moles of potassium are in 1.25 1021 atoms K?
Step 1: we want moles K Step 2: we have 1.25 1021 atoms K Step 3: 1 mole K = 6.02 1023 atoms K
1.25
1021
atoms K
1 mol K
6.02 1023 atoms K
Molar Mass
The atomic mass of any substance expressed in grams is the
Learning Check
1. Number of atoms in 0.500 mole of Al a) 500 Al atoms b) 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms c) 3.01 x 1023 Al atoms
2.Number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 S atoms a) 1.0 mole S atoms b) 3.0 mole S atoms c) 1.1 x 1048 mole S atoms
of each element.
What is the molar mass of magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2? The sum of the atomic masses is:
24 + 2(14 + 16 + 16 + 16) = 24 + 2(62) = 148 amu
Mole Calculations II
Now we will use the molar mass of a compound to convert
Mass-Mole Calculations
What is the mass of 1.33 moles of titanium, Ti? We want grams, we have 1.33 moles of titanium. Use the molar mass of Ti: 1 mol Ti = 47.88 g Ti
Mole Conversions
The End.