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BLOOD DONATION

MEDIMISSION DROPS OF LIFE


DR.T.V.RAO MD

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

BLOOD FACTS
Blood flows everywhere through the human body.
We cannot live without it. The heart pumps blood to all our body cells, supplying them with oxygen and food. Blood also carries proteins and cell fragments called platelets that let blood clot where there has been an injury.
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

BLOOD COMPONENTS
Packed red cells Platelets Fresh Frozen Plasma

Frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate

Albumin
Immunoglobulin's
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

DO YOU KNOW?
450ml of blood can save as many as three lives.
Every two seconds, someone in India needs blood.

One out of every three of us will need blood in our life


time.

Even with all of todays technology, there is no substitute for blood.


Someone has to give blood in order for someone to receive blood.
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

THE DONATION PROCESS

Education
Recruitment Selection

Donation
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

FACT SHEET -1
Hospitals predict that the need for blood will increase 5% each year.
Approximately only 4% of the eligible population in India donates blood. 75% of donors donate only ONCE per year.

If they donated just two times per year there would

never be any shortages.

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

Many Reasons to Donate Blood


Blood is always needed for,
accident

victims cancer patients blood disorder patients surgery patients Pre-mature, pre term babies and many others.

1 of out 10 hospital patients needs a


blood transfusion 4.5 million Indians lives are saved by blood transfusions each year

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

BLOOD TRANSFUSION SAFETY AND THE CLINICAL LABORATORY


Traditionally, blood transfusion practice and blood banking are part of the larger clinical laboratory Involve both laboratory practice and medical care

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

COMBINED APPROACH TO BLOOD DONOR SCREENING


Blood centers employ a combination of strategies to protect the blood supply, including pre-donation risk deferral questions and laboratory screening tests. Risk deferrals are most effective in localized epidemics. Pre-donation questions are less effective when a behavior or risk is common to most of the population, i.e., heterosexual sex. Therefore, in developing countries there is a heavier reliance on laboratory-based screening methods.
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

PROCEDURE FOR VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION


Pre-Donation: 1. Donor Screening 2. Donor Eligibility criteria 3. Deferral Criteria (Donor Consent Form) 4. Medical examination Blood Donation: 5. Blood donation procedure Post donation 6. Rest, advice & refreshment 7. Donor Certificate, Donor ID card
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

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1. Donor Screening
Safe Donor selection involves
1. Identification of low risk populations 2. Donor education and recruitment

3. Encouraging self deferral based on Deferral Criteria


4. Medical Examination before donation

Voluntary Non-remunerated Repeat Donor (VNRD) is safest


DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

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2. DONOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA


Who can donate?
Wt > 45 Kg

Age: 18 - 60 years Weight : > 45 kgs Hemoglobin level: >12 gms/dl for men and 12.5 gms/dl for

women
In good health
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

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DEFERRAL CRITERIA
WHO CANNOT DONATE?
Life long

Abnormal bleeding disorder Heart, Kidney, Liver Disorder Thyroid disorder Epilepsy, Mental disorders Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Asthma Cancer Insulin dependent diabetics Uncontrolled High BP
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

1 year
o Surgery

6 Months
o Tattooing or body piercing o Dental extraction

o Typhoid
o Dog bite o Root canal treatment o Unexplained weight loss o Continuous low grade fever o Malaria o Vaccination

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DEFERRAL CRITERIA

(DONOR CONSENT FORM)


Postpone donation for 6 months if you have risk factors for HIV/AIDS , such as..

Having sex with more than one partner


without using condom for vaginal, anal or oral sex

Intravenous drug abuse Having sex with a person who could have the above risk factors
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

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Deferral Criteria
(Donor Consent Form)
Female donors cannot donate blood
During pregnancy After delivery for one year When lactating During menstrual period and for 7 days thereafter Male donors cannot donate blood If consumed Alcohol in the previous 24 hours

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

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MEDICAL EXAMINATION AT CAMP


Blood test for:
Blood grouping
Hemoglobin

Blood pressure Pulse General physical examination


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BLOOD DONATION PROCEDURE REMEMBER!

The Donor Must .


have had good rest / sleep have had light meal

be mentally prepared

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

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5. BLOOD DONATION PROCEDURE VOLUME OF BLOOD COLLECTION


Donor Weight
45 kgs -55kgs

Blood collected
350ml

Amount
Single bag

Used for
Whole Blood

> 55 kgs

450 ml

Double / Triple bag

Blood Components

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

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TESTING AT BLOOD BANK FOR


TRANSFUSION TRANSMISSIBLE INFECTIONS

(TTIS)
Blood collected at the BDC is screened using highest quality screening tests for 6 TTIs
HIV 1

HIV 2
Hepatitis B Hepatitis C VDRL (syphilis) Malaria
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POST DONATION ADVICE


Drink lots of fluids for next 24 hours Avoid smoking for one hour & alcohol till after a meal Dont use elevator to go up immediately after donation as it will make blood rush to your feet & make you dizzy! Avoid highly strenuous exercises & games for a day If you feel dizzy, lie down & put your feet up. You will be alright in 10-20 mins. Remove band-aid after 4 hours. If it bleeds, apply pressure & reapply bandaid. If bruised and painful, apply cold-pack 4 to 5 times for 5 mins each. The bruise is due to blood seeping into the surrounding tissue. It will take a few days to get reabsorbed. If you have any questions, meet camp doctor or the centre collecting the Blood

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If a blood sample tests positive for any TTI, then. Tests are repeated in duplicate Complete confidentiality is maintained about the test results

COUNSELING FOR REACTIVE DONORS

only the donor is informed, counseled & encouraged for further testing
Referrals to health experts are provided along with follow-ups
DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC 17-10-2013

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BLOOD PRODUCTS / COMPONENTS & THEIR USES


Blood collected is screened for TTIs (infections) & IF SAFE, is separated into components & stored for issue to patients.
Whole blood
For Exchange Transfusion in Babies Accident Victims Complicated Delivery cases Some specific surgeries

Blood Components
Red Cells (for anemia) Fresh Frozen Plasma (for clotting disorders, burns) Platelets/Platelet rich plasma (for cancer, dengue) Cryoprecipitate (for clotting disorders) Cryo Poor Plasma (for burns)

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

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WHAT WE CAN DO?


Make Blood Donation a HABIT
Donate regularly every 3 months to commemorate special days like birthdays, anniversaries . Motivate others to donate Refer your friends and relatives
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RELEVANCE OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SAFETY ACTIVITIES


Approximately 90 million transfusions worldwide annually

31% of transfusions not screened for HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C


Most laboratory screening lapses occur in developing countries
Source: WHO, GDBS 2001 17-10-2013
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DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

APPROPRIATENESS OF TRANSFUSION May be life-saving May have acute or delayed complications Puts patient at risk unnecessarily
The transfusion of safe blood products to treat any condition leading to significant morbidity or mortality, that cannot be managed by any other means.
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Our Vision - MEDIMISSION


The likely impact of this initiative would be as follows: A) Blood Shortages: This would be a thing of past, there would not be any blood shortage for any patients, anywhere, any time B) Accident victims would have a far better chance of survival through timely medical attention and treatment. This could be extended to cover victims of any sudden health problems anywhere, any time D) The concept and network could be extended to other healthcare areas also
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OUR MISSION AT MEDIMISSION


To make safe and economical blood available to everybody, when and wherever required. - No

blood shortage - No cancelled surgery for lack of blood - No emergency appeal to blood donors - Assured Quality of blood - Optimal utilization of available blood
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DO NOT FORGET

DR.T.V.RAO MD TMC

17-10-2013

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Programme Created By Dr.T.V.Rao MD for Universal Awareness on Facts on Blood Donations and Transfusions and Vision of Our Medimission at Travancore Medical College, Kollam Kerala India
Email

doctortvrao@gmail.com
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