OBSERVING

PISMP SAINS Amb. Jan. 2011 Oleh, Sylvester Saimon Simin/ Junaidi @ Patrick Bin Jair Jab. Sains & Matematik IPG Kampus Keningau, Sabah

WHAT?
Most basic skill in science Essential to the development of other science process skills We observe objects, substances or events through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing To observe an object or substance is to explore all of its properties color, texture, odor, shape, weight, volume, temperature, sound
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OBSERVING USES SENSES

SMELLING
It smells .(odor) It smells like ..

SEEING
It looks .(color, size, shape, measurements) It looks like ..

TASTING
It tastes . It tastes like ..

OBSERVING

HEARING
It sounds . It sounds like ..

TOUCHING
It feels .(texture, temperature, pressure) It feels like ..

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TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS
Uses only senses to obtain information Eg:
It is light green in colour. (sight) It has a pungent odor. (smell) It tastes sour. (taste) Its leaves are waxy and smooth. (touch) It makes a rustling sound when lightly rubbed. (hearing)

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TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS
QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS
Observations that involve number or quantity Include a reference to some standard unit of measure Made with instruments such as rulers, balances, graduated cylinders give us specific and precise information. Approximation and comparisons are not as precise but are also quantitative observations. Eg:
One leaf is 10 cm long and 6 cm wide. (metric rule) The mass of one leaf is 5g. (balance) The temperature of the room in which it grows is 22C. (thermometer) The plants leaves are clustered in groups of five. This plant is larger than that plant. Each flower is as wide as 3 paper clips placed end to end.
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OBSERVING CHANGES
In observing objects or phenomena that undergo physical or chemical changes, observations will be either qualitative or quantitative. In describing a change it is important to include statements of observation made before, during and after the change occurs

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ACTIVITY BURNING CANDLE

Describe at least 7 (4 qualitative and 3 quantitative) obsevations before the change, 3 general statements about the changes as you observe them occuring, and 5 observations (4 qualitative and 1 quantitative) after the change has taken place. Record your observations in the table below.

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WHAT I OBSERVED
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS Before 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. During 1. 2. 3. After 1. 2. 3.
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QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS

1. 2. 3.

1.

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SELF CHECK
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS Before 1. Color: white 2. Slight odor 3. Undetectable taste 4. Cylindrical shape 5. One end flat, other end cone shaped 6. From cone extends a tuft of white, fuzzy, fibrous, composed of strands 7. Each strand is cylindrical and irregularly coiled QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS 1. Mass: 2 g 2. 5 cm long 3. 1 cm diameter 4. Each strand is 0.5 mm in diameter 5. Coil of strands is 1 mm in diameter 6. Coil extends 5 mm above tip of cone soft material

During 1. Fibrous strand turn black 2. Flame is elliptical in shape 3. Flame flickers in slight wind 4. Upper part of flame is bright yellow, lower part of flame is dull yellow with a blue margin 5. A puddle of liquid forms in place of the cone 6. Liquid material drips down side of candle; some solidifies on a cooler part of the candle, some drips to the table top. After 1. Color: white 2. Solid irregular in shape 3. Small portion of fibrous strands protrudes from wax 4. Exposed part of fibrous strands is black 1. Mass: 1 g 2. Height of wax at highest point: 3 mm 3. Distance across wax at the widest point: 1.5 cm

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Petunjuk Memerhati (PPK, 1994)

Menggunakan pelbagai deria dengan berkesan Mengenal butiran yang relevan mengenai sesuatu objek dan sekitarannya Memberi tumpuan yang lebih ke atas butiran relevan yang terkandung di dalam maklumat yang banyak. Mengenal persamaan dan perbezaan Mengenal ciri-ciri yang ganjil atau yang mempunyai kelainan Menyedari perubahan di dalam persekitaran Mengenal pasti tertiban kejadian yang berlaku Menggunakan alat bagi membantu deria untuk membuat kajian terperinci.

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Contoh Aktiviti

1. Pemerhatian terhadap gula-gula 2. Pemerhatian terhadap campuran tepung.

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Aplikasi Kemahiran Memerhati

Sains Tahun: 4 Bidang Kajian: Menyiasat Alam Fizikal Ob. Umum: 6. Mengetahui sifat magnet Ob. Khusus: 6.1 Memperihal tarikan magnet ke atas sesetengah bahan

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