Ch. 3.3 and 3.

4 Struggle for North America & African Slave Trade

Thursday, October 10

Ch. 3.3 Struggle for North America

In the 1600s, the French, Dutch, English, and Spanish competed for lands in North America.
These colonies were all distinct from one another in terms of language, government, resources, and society.

New France

New France
1534: Jacques Cartier explored and claimed for the French much of eastern Canada, called New France.
This empire stretched from Qubec to the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River to Louisiana.
However, a permanent French settlement would not be established until 1608 in Quebec.

New France
The winter in Canada was harsh.
The new settlers were discouraged and abandoned farming for fur trapping and trading.

Government of New France

King Louis XIV (14th)
Wanted greater revenues.

What is a revenue?
Revenue = income from taxes. He appointed officials to manage these economic activities. He ordered soldiers and more settlers to go to New France.

English Colonies
While New France remained small, the English Colonies expanded along the Atlantic coast. Jamestown was the first English Colony.
Established in Virginia in 1607.

Pilgrims Come to America

In 1620, Pilgrims, or English Protestants who rejected the Church of England, landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts.
They wrote a compact (an agreement)
Mayflower Compact

Mayflower Compact
It set guidelines for governing their colony.

English Colonial Government

English Monarchs exercised control over colonies with Royal Governors. English colonists enjoyed a greater degree of self-government than did French and Spanish colonists.
The English colonists elected their own representative assemblies.

French and Indian War

During the 1700s, the French and English became powerful rivals. 1754: French and Indian War erupts in North America.
Two years later it spreads to Europe where it is called the Seven Years War

French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris
British capture the capital of New France.
The war would continue to drag on for several more years until the British win. Treaty of Paris ends the worldwide conflict.

France Loses its Colonies

To Spain: Louisiana Territory To Britain: Canada

Ch. 3.4 The Atlantic Slave Trade

Empires grew in the 1500s, and trade increased in the different parts of the world. Spain is the 1st country to import slaves to the new world. Slave labor provided a way to get greater profits.
Why would slave labor provide for greater profits?

Triangular Trade
A series of sea routes joining Europe, Africa, and the Americas. (a triangle between the countries. )
1st Part: Merchant ships brought European goods. 2nd Part: Middle Passage = Slaves brought to the Americas. Traded for sugar, molasses, and cotton from plantations. 3rd Part: Materials (above) traded for furs, fish and other goods, then sent to Europe to be sold.

Triangular Trade
image

Middle Passage
Middle Passage = 2nd part of triangular trade A horrifying journey for Africans. Olaudah Equiano 11 year old who travelled on the journey
During the middle passage, slaves were captured, bound, and forced to walk as much as 3,000 miles.
Many died along the way.

Map of 3,000 Miles

Life on Slave Boats

Life on a Slave Boat

Those who survived the brutal capturing would then be placed in cages on the coast of Africa for the slave ships. Hundreds of captured Africans would then be crammed in the bottom of a slave boat.
Times ranged from 3 weeks to 3 months on the ships.

Effects of Life on a Slave Boat

Many Died:
Disease Brutality Storms Disease Pirate Raids Many committed suicide.

Mutinies Revolts by the slaves who tried to return home.

Why did the Triangular Trade Continue?

The triangular trade continued because it was so profitable.

Effects of the Triangular Trade

Europe and their Colonies Brought riches to merchants and traders. Colonies economies grew. European and American port cities grew. Africa Devastating outcome. African societies were torn apart. Africans lives were cut short or brutalized