PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT

WHAT ARE THE FUNDEMENTALS??????

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
PROPHET THE FORTH CALIPH (632-661) THE UMAYYAD (661 - 750)

THE SPANISH UMMAYYAD (756 - 1031)

THE ABBASID (750 - 1258) THE FATIMIDS(909-1071) THE OTTOMAN(1342-1924)

Spain

North Africa

Egypt

Syria

Arabia

Yemen

Turkey

Baghdad

Iraq

Iran

TransOxania

Afgha nistan

India

AD
600 700
Byzantines
THE FOURTH CALIPH 632-661 UMAYYADS 661-750 Damascus UMAYYADS 661-750 Damascus

Himyarites

Sasanians
THE FOURTH CALIPH 632-661

800
IDRISIDS 789-926 Fez AGHLABIDS 800-900 Qairawan

ABBASIDS 749-1258 Baghdad

900
UMAYYADS 756 -1031 Cordova

ABBASIDS 749-1258 Baghdad SAMANIDS 819-1005 Bukhara GHAZNAVIDS 962-1186 Ghazni SELJUKS 1038-1194 Baghdad

TULUNIDS 868-905 Cairo

1000

1100
Almoravids 1056-1147 Marakesh, Seville Almohads 1130-1269 Marakesh, Seville Hafsids 1228-1574 Tunis Zengids 1127-1222 Aleppo

FATIMIDS 969-1171 Cairo

CRUSADERS in Jurusalem 1099 -1187

BUYIDS 932-1062 Baghdad, Siraz

1200

SELJUKS OF RUM AYYUBIDS 1171-1250 Cairo MOSUL Damascuss

GHURIDS 1148-1215 Ghazni

1300
NASRIDS 1230-1492 Granada

1400

MAMLUKS 1250-1517 Cairo, Damascuss

RASULIDS 1229-1454 Taizz

IL-KHANIDS (MONGOLA) 1256-1353 Sultaniyya, Tabriz) TURCOMANS 1378-1601 Tabriz TIMURIDS 1370-1506 Samarkand, Herat

1500

1600

SAFAVIDS 1501-1772 Busra, Edrine, Istanbul OTTOMANS 1290-1924 Busra, Edrine, Istanbul

1700
ZAYDI IMAMS OTTOMANS 1290-1924 Busra, Edrine, Istanbul

MUGHALS 1526-1858 Delhi, Agra

1800

1900

QAJARS 1779-1924 Tehran

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
WHY?????
ISLAM ENCOURAGE URBANISATION PROCESS AND THE ISLAMIC CITY PLAY ROLE AS CENTRE FOR DAWAH ISLAMIYYAH

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
FUNDEMENTAL
ALLAH SWT

MAN

MAN

ENVIRONMENT

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
THREE FUNDEMENTAL IMAGES
Dar al-Iman

City as a community of believer whose individual and community are to live in the framework of Islamic belief

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
THREE FUNDEMENTAL IMAGES
Dar al-Quran

City as a medium of quranic guidance (Hidayah): The quran as knowledge (ilm) that structures the reality of existence.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
THREE FUNDEMENTAL IMAGES
Dar as-Sunnah

City as a crucible for realising the prophetic model as the individual (uswah) as well as the collective model

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
Islamic City is a microcosm created by man in the fashion of God's creation of the world. There is individual freedom contained by responsibility to the collective (Ummah), there is trust with answerability to God. The Islamic city is a representative outpost of God's scheme that is man watching his affairs under the title of trusteeship (Khilafat) of God. In Islamic City the criterion for right and wrong is not from man but from God and there is little room for the arrogance of secular humanism.

(1) City of divine trusteeship (AMANAH)

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
Islamic environment is to provide the support structure for Shariah and in turn be formed by it. There is to be a delicate equilibrium between the rights of the collective against those of the individual such that one is not antagonistic to the other. Such an environment will provide security and protection not so much by imposed controls as by social responsibility and mutual accountability.

(2) City of Law

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(3) City of Justice
An environment that both by its morphology and its institutions establishes egalitarianism without imposing grey uniformity. An environment that breaks down class structures without destroying natural hierarchies sanctioned by ethical tradition. Such an environment encourages selfhood without selfishness and pride without conceit. No wrongs are done, no rights are curbed and no lies are told - in social, intellectual as well as physical realms. There is no tyranny in either thought or deed.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(4) City of Causality and accountability
An environment that instigates and nurtures the attitude that every act has consequences which must always be partitioned as beneficial or harmful. In Islamic framework it is rare to find a benign act. The individual as well as the collective are to concern themselves continuously with whether what they do is beneficial in the short term and harmful in the long term or beneficial to an individual but harmful, to society or nature. When citizens think of causes and effects, acts and consequences, benefits and harms it becomes an environment of responsibility and accountability to self and to God.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(5) City of Purpose
The city is to be like a human body - millions of tiny parts bound together fn one cooperative purpose. There is a civic sense of unity in purpose but diversity in processes. Opposing trends in various processes, for example housing and commerce, are to seek a balance and not to pursue selfish domination of one over the others. Cancer cells are fearful examples of selfishness: they grow with abject ruthlessness 45 until they destroy their host body and thus commit suicide. Islamic environment is to take all measures to prevent such environmental, economic, social or architectural cancers. Such environment is internally cooperative and synergetic and thus its reality goes beyond the sum of its physical parts.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(6) City of care

Islamic environment which is created by collective vision and individual effort is to always serve as a place of rest, refuge, care and protection for those who are less fortunate or handicapped. It is a collective duty of the able to care for the disabled, for the knowledgeable to guide the ignorant and for the strong to protect the weak. Public welfare and social institutions, though being a natural part of the Islamic milieu, are to be such that they do not start a cult of dependence.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(6) City of Life and Energy
An environment that is ascending and progressive in the sense that it is always struggling towards its ideal of being a City of God. A purposeful environment that becomes a means of implementing Islam's inwardly consolidating and outwardly expressive energy. Such an environment is responsive to internal feedback of the citizenry, adaptive to cultural change but resistant to compromise at the level of fundamental principles.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(7) City of ecological harmony
An environment that is in a symbiotic, mutually enhancing relationship with nature. Key values are to conserve not waste; to seek enhancement of the art of life rather than the entropic decay; to seek the ideal that every short-term consumption leads to long-term rejuvenation or creation of new resources; to change the attitude from the survival of the fittest to the survival of the most beneficial. It is an environment that puts great v'alue on physical and mental health. But more than anything else it nurtures the attitude that every situation of apparent conflict between man and nature is an opportunity to design such that the solution is of benefit to both man and nature.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
(8) City of knowledge

ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY

It is important to recognise that environment can excite the state, of wonder, it can spark novel images and constructs, it can provide clues and answers and it can intrigue one to search forever - an excellent teacher indeed. As the Prophet likened himself to the City of Knowledge (Madina-tul-ilm), we get the most complete image of the ideal Islamic environment as a source book, a fountainhead of man's perennial thirst for knowledge. ' The Islamic environment will be a fertile ground for scientific inquiry and technological development. Unlike its secular, materialistic counterpart it will distinguish itself by its value orientation. The pursuit of knowledge in such an environment will enhance the belief in God's Divine Schema rather than weaken it. There will be little risk of setting the `student' on a regressive path of agnosticism and atheism that eventually leads to a society of scientific absolutism whereby eventually man considers himself to be sole master of his destiny.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(9) City of simplicity, humility, piety
An environment that values simplicity as economy of means towards generosity of ends. That stresses avoidance of arrogance and extravagance and encourages graciousness and sensitivity. An environment that creates a sense of place which, though being of this realm, is continuously indicative of responsibility towards the hereafter through highlighting our duties to God and fellow man. The built form celebrates the rituals of man's subservience to God and supports the social acts of service to the fellow man. It is an environment where a mosque, a madrassah, a public bath and a garden can exist in harmony and all be supported by the bazaar.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
10) City of beauty

Islamic environment is the medium of beauty arranged by man and presented as an offering to the One and Only God Who wills all that is beautiful. It is beauty as the Perfection of an Idea and therefore the ultimate formative value in any human endeavour; a sense of order that inspires aesthetic response; a beauty that is hidden, elusive, transcendental - a beauty beyond our sense-bound and fashion-dependent normative tastes.

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
11) City of ingenuity and craft

Islamic city is a problem-solving environment that values skills, hard work and ingenuity. It is an environment where creativity and craft are a form of worship, a homage by the believer to the Creator of all the man's abilities. It is an environment that upholds self-reliance and discourages unnatural dependencies. There is a direct, tactile, constructive interaction with one's own surroundings be it the building of a mud house, the sewing of a garment or the care of a garden.