EOCT Review Questions

Unit 4: A Nation Divided

Lesson 5: Civil War Leaders and Battles part 2

d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles. e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Warm Up!
1. Why do you think the Unions population was so much larger than the population in the Confederacy? 2. What Union advantages are portrayed in these graphs? 3. Why would the loss of lives in the Battles be so devastating to the Confederacy?

Warm Up!
1. What Union advantages are portrayed in these graphs? 2. After looking at these graphs, why do you think a Union blockade on the Southern ports was a good strategy? 3. Why would the loss of the control of the Mississippi River hurt the Confederacy?

 habeas corpus is a persons right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial After a large amount of of draft riots in many northern cities, Lincoln decided to suspend habeas corpus. If someone opposed the war, they could be detained without a trial Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop anyone from resisting the Unions cause

Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862)

Antietam: September 1862

Robert E. Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (26,000 dead, 16,000 wounded) Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation What might have happened if
Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union

victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862 and to punish the rebelling states. The Proclamation: -freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion -did not free the slaves in the border states -gave the Union Army another reason to fight: the liberation of slaves
Which slave states were unaffected by the Proclamation? Why did Lincoln plan this?

Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863

Robert E. Lee again decided to invade the North in hope that the North would settle for peace Lee wanted supplies and food from the urban Union towns. Largest Battle of Civil War (160,000 men involved) The South loses 7,000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting Southern defeat and turning point of the war

Gettysburg (PA): July 1st-3rd 1863

Lee retreated on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight Leads to Gettysburg address
Why do you think Gettysburg is considered the turning point of the war?

Gettysburg Address
In November 1863, Lincoln
gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery

Lincoln used the speech to

redefine the message of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

Vicksburg (MS) May -July 1863

By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River Ulysses S. Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off its food supply and placing it under constant bombardment The Confederate forces surrender July 4th 1863 gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half

Which Confederate states were isolated from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

Battle for Atlanta: August 1864

William T. Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South He ordered all civilians out of the city and then burned and destroyed everything of military value Atlanta was the beginning of Shermans March to the Sea and helped the Republican Party gain political strength Ended with the capture of Savannah, a major port.

Surrender at Appomattox
Lee was defeated and captured by Grants forces; Sherman on his way to meet Grant With that news, Jefferson Davis abandons the Confederate Capital April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Court House

Surrender Terms
Lincolns Decision No need to further separate the Union Lees soldiers were paroled and sent home
Was there a lot of punishment involved?

Social Changes
Emancipation Proclamation only freed who??? Lincoln wanted Constitutional Amendment to abolish slavery didnt pass in 1864 1866 Congress ratified the 13th Amendment

 Human lives 360,000 Union Soldiers died 260,000 Confederate Soldiers

Costs of War

died 500,000 Total Wounded 10% of population in military Monetary Costs $3.3 Billion

Casualties of American Wars

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. World War II World War I Vietnamese Conflict Korean Conflict American Revolution Spanish-American War War of 1812 Mexican War Indian Wars 407,316 116,708 58,168 54,246 24,435 2,456 2,260 1,733 1,000

How do the casualties of the Civil War compare to the casualties of other American wars?

10. Gulf War

11. Afghanistan 12. Iraq

293
2189 4488

TOTAL

654,615

Civil War Casualties Union Confederate TOTAL 360,000 260,000 620,000

here were nearly as many casualties in the Civil War as in all of America's other wars combined.

Work Session