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Reduction To Practice for High Speed Digital Design Reading assignment: CH8 to 9.3
Richard Mellitz
An Engineering Practice
That ensures all signals transmitted are received correctly That ensures signals dont interfere with one another in a way to degrade reception. That ensures signal dont damage any device That ensures signal dont pollute the electromagnetic spectrum
Introduction Richard Mellitz
$
Introduction Richard Mellitz
successful signaling Design parameters are ranges for design variables within which a product can be reliably built
New Terms
SI Paradigms
Specific Solution Point Solution
Applies to a given instance of a product or specimen Applies to any single given product Encompasses a locus of specific solutions. Example: Any board that comes off a production line Applies to many products of a given type Encompasses a locus of point solutions The locus of all solutions for a specific standard (like SCSI) is an example.
Introduction Richard Mellitz
General Solution
Why?
Time = $
Introduction Richard Mellitz
Moores Law
Still true Silicon density doubles every 18 months
Density Multiplier
31
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21
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Core: IC logic
Introduction Richard Mellitz
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Risk Assessment
Introduction Richard Mellitz
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ECL
Emitter Coupled Logic Tens of MHz and 2-3ns edge rates MECL hand book One of the first books on SI
Introduced concept of termination and transmission lines
Still used spec books for rules A few engineers evaluated termination schemes but no SI engineering per se
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buses 100+ MHz operation and 1ns edges Clocking issues start to creep in here Ringing becomes a problem Timing simulators emerge for SI
Introduction Richard Mellitz
The 90s
Early in the decade extracted board simulators are
popular.
Chip I/V and edge V(t) info simulated with transmission lines whose characteristics are extracted directly from PWB layout information IBIS becomes popular Edge rates move toward 300ps at launch.
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Memory and I/O buses require early SI analysis SSTL series stub terminated AGTL Advanced Gunning Transistor Logic Open collector busing Differential signaling emerges Late in the decade we start to hear terms like return path, I/O power delivery, ISI, and source-synch
Extracted board simulators dont account for these
Introduction Richard Mellitz
The 00s
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GHz operation and 50ps launch edges SI Engineers using spice and modeling
with Maxwell 2D/3-D field solvers. Emerging technologies
High Speed Serial Differential De/Pre emphasis Embedded clocking Data encoding Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Simultaneous Bi-Directional (SBD)
Introduction Richard Mellitz
Assignment
Assignment: How much electrical transmission length
does a 5ns, 2.5ns, 1ns, 300ps, 50ps edge occupy? Assume propagation velocity is half that free of space. Determine a rationale for specifying physical wiring length in computer printed wiring boards. This is an exercise in engineering judgment. Plot the ratio of electrical edge length to board trace length (by decade) in previous slide. Use range plots.
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SI Directions Today
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SI Roles
Convert product parts and design features
into models and parameters Use models to simulate performance Perform measurements to validate product Determine how parameters limit performance Use cost and simulated or measured performance to determine rules for design Use margin budgets to manage designs
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SI Deliverables
Product SI Customer Architect
"What if ? "
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Product Designer
Rules
Product Manager
Use measurement to ensure confidence in simulations decisions
Deliverables
Feasibility
Assignment: Fill in the above 6 boxes with hypothetical examples based on your present knowledge of the computer engineering field.
Introduction Richard Mellitz
Future of SI
Rules of thumb get old quick Old assumptions not good enough
fascinating topics
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Can we still use transmission line models? What is the role of ground? Underscores the need to understand 2nd and 3rd order effects. List examples Many EE disciplines play together Plethora of new signal analysis and measurement methods Need to simplify designs to efficiently turn a profit.
Introduction Richard Mellitz