Comparative

Anatomy
on the
Braceros, Jann
Denise
Jopia, Fe Marie
Zoo 113 C – 1L
 Circulatory
System of the
Shark
Heart
ü Transverse septum separates
the two coelomic cavities.

o Pericardial cavity
encloses the heart.

o Peritoneal cavity encloses

the visceral organs.
Heart
ü Sharks have single – circuit
blood flow wherein it flows in a
one – way path through the
heart, and low pressure
circulation.

ü It pumps deoxygenated blood

toward the gills.
Deoxygenated Blood Flow

Low O2 Low O2

sinus conus
venosus arteriosus

atriu ventric
m le
Ventral Aorta
ü first vessel that exits the
heart

ü divided into two branchial

artery

o afferent branchial
arterye
Ventral Aorta
ü Afferent branchial artery

o take deoxygenated
blood up into the gills
Ventral Aorta
ü Efferent branchial artery

o where oxygenated
blood leaves the gills
 Major Arterial Pathway
Conus
arteriosus
Ventral
aorta Parietal Heart
pericardi muscle
Afferent um capillari
Branchial capillarie es
artery Pericardi Coronar
Gill al artery y artery
capillaries
Efferent Commissural
branchial artery artery
 Major Systemic Vein
Pathway
Caudal vein Abdominal
vein
Renal portal
Posterior
vein
cardinal vein
Posterior
cardinal vein
Common
cardinal vein
Cardinal
sinus
Common Sinus
cardinal vein venosus
Hepatic
vein
Circulatory
System of
Birds
Cardiovascular system
ü It does not only delivers O2
to body cells but also
maintains the bird’s
temperature.

ü It consists of a heart and

vessels that transports
nutrients, O2 and CO2, waste
Heart
ü Birds have four –
chambered heart.

ü The right ventricle pumps

blood to the lungs.

ü The left ventricle pumps

blood to the rest of the body.

o The left ventricle must

generate greater
pressure to pump
throughout the body.
Heart
ü Avian heart tends to pump
more blood per unit time than
mammalian hearts.

ü Birds have larger hearts

than mammals.

o This is necessary to
meet the high metabolic
demands of flight.
Major Blood
Vessels
Jugular vein
o neck and head

Brachial veins
o wings

Pectoral veins
o Pectoral muscles and
anterior thorax

Coccygeomesenteric vein
o Posterior digestive system
and empties in the hepatic
portal vein
Cardiovascular System of
Avian
 Circulatory
System of the
Cat
Heart
ü It lies within the pericardial
cavity, which is isolated from
the mediastinum by the
pericardium.
ü It has a flattened, anterior
base and a pointed, posterior
apex.
ü Within it are the left and
right atria anteriorly and the
left and right ventricles
posteriorly.
Heart
ü Coronary arteries and veins
respectively supply and drain
blood from the heart.

ü Interventricular groove
marks the separation of the
ventricles.

ü Atrioventricular groove
marks the separation between
the atria and ventricles.
Aorta
ü It carries blood from the
left ventricle.

ü It curves sharply to the left

as the aortic arch.

ü It passes dorsally to the

root of the left lung as the
thoracic aorta.
Pulmonary Arteries
ü Left Pulmonary Artery

• It passes laterally to
the left lung.

ü Right Pulmonary Artery

• It passes under the

aortic arch to reach the
right lung.
Vena Cava
ü Anterior vena cava

• It drains the region

anterior to the
diaphragm.

ü Posterior vena cava

• It drains the region

posterior to the
 Basic Flow of Blood
A vein carries blood toward the heart, and an
artery carries blood away from the heart.

Right Left
atrium ventricle
Right Left
ventricle atrium
Pulmonary Pulmonary
artery vein
L
un
Arteries and
Veins
of the Cat
 Thoracic
Arteriole and
Venous
Pathway of
the Cat
 Major Thoracic Arterial
Pathway
Left
ventricle
Dorsal
aorta
Corona Branchioceph Left
ry alic artery subclavi
arterie an
Heart Comm Right artery
myocardi on subclavi Left
um carotid an should
artery artery er
Brai Right and
n shoulde
r
and arm
Major Thoracic Venous
Pathway
Head, Arms,
brain shoulders
Exter
nal Subclavi
Heart an vein
myocardi jugula
um r vein
Coronary Branchiocephalic
veins veins
Superior vena
cava
Right
atrium
References

De Iuliis, G. and D. Pulera. 2007.

Dissection of Vertebrates Laboratory
Manual. USA: Hing Yip Printing Co.

https://segue.middlebury.edu/view/ht
ml/site/biol0202a-s08/node/1877608

http://courses.washington.edu/chord
ate/453labs/453lab13-09.pdf