NEGATIVE ENERGY, WORM HOLES, WARP DRIVE

LAURA RAMIREZ NORA MUNOZ MARITZA MOTA BIANCA ALMENDAREZ RAQUEL ROBLES ARELI FLORES

WAVES OF LIGHT
Ordinary light energy density is zero or positive when not in squeezed state Light at some points has negative energy density when in squeezed state More negative energy at one point more positive energy at another point if in squeezed state Any scheme for faster than light travel requires negative energy

NEGATIVE ENERGY
Negative energy is not antimatter Antimatter still has positive energy Antimatter releases gamma rays when positron and electrons collide Negative energy is hard to keep for long periods of time Laws of physics limit negative energys capacity Laws also limit the amount that can be produced Making the possibility of wormholes and warp drive very improbable

THE CASIMIR EFFECT

What is it? It is the affect that happens when two mirrors are placed in front of each other in a vacuum. The effect is attraction.
Vacuum: it is not empty; it is filled with fluctuating electromagnetic waves. These waves are always present these waves can be any size wavelength the existence of these waves proves that there is energy in empty space we cannot use this energy Some waves will fit between the two mirrors and will bounce between the two As the attraction increases and the mirrors move closer together, the longer waves wont fit

The energy between the mirrors will decrease as they get closer It will be less than the energy around the mirrors Examples: A rubber band stretched has more energy than when it is relaxed A spring stretched has more energy than when it comes back together

CASIMIR EFFECT
The waves are trying to squeeze in between the plates The more they are squeezed, the more negative energy is created But also more positive energy

HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

Virtual particles popping in and out of the quantum vacuum Detected when there is a rise in radiation in a vacuum If one can reduce virtual particles theres less energy in the vacuum Virtual particles come at random so negative energy is hard to come by using this method

HAWKING RADIATION
H. radiation causes subatomic black holes to evaporate Black holes must radiate energy in order to abide the law of conservation of energy

WORMHOLESEINSTEIN - ROSEN BRIDGE

(APPLE ANALOGY)

The universe is the SKIN of the apple, and the WORM travels over its surface. The distance from one side of the apple to the other is EQUAL to half the apples circumference, but if it burrows through the apple the distance traveled is less making the hole burrowed by the WORM a shortcut.

WORMHOLES DONT DEFY PHYSICS

Einstein's general theory allows for the existence of wormholes since it states that any mass curves space-time

WORMHOLES
Opening of worm hole called mouth; looks spherical Middle of worm hole is called the throat; area filled with negative energy Negative energy maintains open and passable Wormholes are short cuts in time, connecting to otherwise distant locations

WORMHOLES CONTINUED
Schwarzschild wormhole
unstable impassable

S. wormhole closes too quickly for even a photon (smallest unit of light that can be measured) to get through Negative energy counter acts the gravitational force of space-time thats causing the wormhole to close making it a traversable wormhole

WARP DRIVE
Still a theory; it is still not possible Warp drive is a way of manipulating spacetime
To manipulate space you need negative energy

Einsteins general relativity equation

Left-hand side = Right-hand side
(curvature) Energy) (Matter and

It is a way of going faster than the speed of light

Half speed of light is 150,000 km/sec or 33,534,000 mph

FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT

(WARP SPEED)
Accelerating with so much force will tear our bodies apart Our bodies can not withstand a force greater than 3G It would take many months to possibly be able to reach that speed if done (accelerated) in a matter that our bodies can withstand

BREAKING THE SOUND BARRIER VS. LIGHT BARRIER

ALCUBIERRE DRIVE
Hypothetical Not breaking the laws of Physics Using enough energy to contract space while fabric behind you is stretched Perceived as movement by passengers on spaceship but lack of acceleration Depending on the stretch of space-time and contraction will dictate the speed at which the spaceship travels Amount of energy needed would be equal to the mass of Jupiter in order to move a adequately sized spaceship

THERE IS HOPE