A Generation For Correct Mining

CONTENTS
Sample Definition Sampling Accuracy Sampling Conditions Types Of Samples Sample Treatment Sample Quantity

A Generation For Correct Mining

SAMPLING
SAMPLING IS T ! MOST !SS!NTIAL PA"T O# T ! "A$ MAT!"IAL IN%!STIGATIONS

A Generation For Correct Mining

SAMPLING ACCURACY
SAMPLING ACC&"AC'

(ASICALL' CONT"OLLING T ! !NTI"! %ALIDIT' O# T ! CONCL&SIONS O# T ! IN%!STIGATION

A Generation For Correct Mining

SAMPLES
Samples
Are T)e (asic Tools &sed In "a* Material !+ploration Samples Must (e Truly "epresentati,e T)e Or Deposit

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SAMPLES
Sample Is Analy-ed To Determine . Nature Composition Percentage Of Specified Constituents

Sample Is A "epresentati,e #raction Of A (ody Of Material . Collected (y Appro,ed Met)od Guarded Against Alteration

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Sampling conditions
Samples S o!ld "e #
Ta0en

#rom &n1*eat)ered "oc0 2#res) "oc0 $

Ta0en from "egular Inter,al Co,er t)e Se/uence &nder In,estigation

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Sampling conditions
In Cases $)ere t)e Num3er of Samples Is Limited 4 t)e Sampling Locations S)ould (e Spread Out in Order to Get t)e Ma+imum Amount of Information5s

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Sampling conditions
In Cases of eterogeneous Deposits4

Samples of Certain !ntity Can (e Grouped to #orm a Composite Sample

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Sampling conditions
Sampling Locations Must (e Plotted on Maps 4 Sections or S0etc)es and Descri3ed #ully in t)e Notes

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Topographic map

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Geologic map

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Sampling Conditions
T)e Source and Sample Num3er Must (e P)ysically Mar0ed in t)e #ield for Possi3le "e1sampling

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Sampling conditions
Sample Must (e:

Placed in $ater Proof or Dustproof or Containers6 La3eled *it) Sample NO64 "oc0 Type and Date

Clearly

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T%pes o& samples

Spot or Surface Samples C)annel Samples (ul0 or Gra3 Samples Core Samples

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S!r&ace.1
76

Manual

86

Trenc)

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Surface samples

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T%pes o& samples

;9 8: 89 7: 79 : 9
Spot C annel C annel
O" LIMESTONE MARL CLAY MARL SAN' CLAY

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Undergro!nd. Core 'rilling

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Core drilling methods

Con,entional
7 Tu3e 8 Tu3es ; Tu3es !,ery drilling run. ta0e all t)e tu3es out of t)e )ole4 reco,er t)e core and re1introduce all t)e drilling column6 Drilling 3ars6

$ireline. Only an internal accessory4 loaded *it) t)e core4 is lifted inside t)e drilling tu3es

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Example of drill hole with its chemistry

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Undergro!nd. destructi,e drilling

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Sampling# Introd!ction
P!rpose# to maintain (!alit% control o& an% part o& t e process) T e relia*ilit% o& a sample# de+iation *et,een t e grade o& t e sample and t e tr!e grade o& t e lot-) E.pected de+iation / F!ndamental Sampling Error 0FSE$1
#ast Trac0 Part 7<7==> < "a* Materials Sampling < Institut Cimentier < ;

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T e t,o golden r!les o& sampling

Collect t e Minim!m Representati+e 2eig t) Allo, e+er% particle t e same c ance o& *eing collected1

#ast Trac0 Part 7<7==> < "a* Materials Sampling < Institut Cimentier < ?

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"Sampling Introduction
@ T)e purpose of sampling is to maintain /uality control of any part of t)e process 2in t)e /uarry4 3efore or after crus)er4 grinder4 pre1)omo4 silos4 0iln4 etcA6 So e,ery3ody s)ould 3e directly concerned 3y t)is part of t)e course6 @ Sampling is remo,ing a part of t)e material of interest to produce useful information6 @ $e discuss sampling t)eory 3ecause t)e grade of t)e sample is not e+actly e/ual to t)e true grade of t)e lot6

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"Sampling Introduction
@ As0 t)e /uestion . According to your e+perience. *)at are t)e main factors influencing t)e relia3ility of a sample B @ Possi3le ans*ers. 1 si-e 2mass of t)e sampleA4 for small lot4 mass of t)e lotC 1 si-e of t)e roc0 particleC 1 t)e nature of t)e particleC 1 t)e grade of t)e lotC 1 state of segregation6 @ $e *ant to understand and minimi-e eac) source of sampling errors6 T)ese errors can 3e minimi-e 3y using good sampling de,ices and 3y controlling a series of p)ysical parameters66

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3eterogeneit%
T,o t%pes o& eterogeneit%# 45 Constit!tion 3eterogeneit%#
depends on t e di&&erence o& grade *et,een &ragments-

65 'istri*!tion 3eterogeneit%#
depends on t e arrangement o& particles in t e lot1
#ast Trac0 Part 7<7=== < "a* Materials Sampling < Institut Cimentier < 7>

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"Heterogeneity"
(ot) types of )eterogeneity increase t)e sampling difficulties6 $e )a,e seen 3efore t)at a good sampling de,ice must allo* e,ery particle t)e same c)ance of 3eing collected6 As0 t)e /uestion to t)e audience. Could you find some reasons *)y t)is condition *ould not 3e respectedB @ Possi3le ans*ers. s)ape of t)e lot 2a pile for e+ampleAC segregationC samplerC a sampler *)ic) fa,ours a part of t)e pile or a group of particles6 @ Example of segregation: particle si-e. small particles mo,e do*n*ardC particle density. dense particles also mo,e do*n*ard .

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"Sampling of Stockpiles"
@!+amples of stoc0piles. Left. sampling iron o+ide from stoc0pileC "ig)t. ra* materials in a storage )all6 @A pile is ,ery difficult to sample. Cannot allo* e,ery particle t)e same c)ance of 3eing collectedC Cannot ta0e into account t)e segregation of particles6 @A good sampling de,ice and t)e sampling of small 8D and 7D lot *ill minimi-e t)e distri3ution )eterogeneity6 $e *ill )a,e to deal only *it) t)e constitution )eterogeneity6

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Sampling o& Stoc7piles

Sampling iron o+ide from stoc0pile

"a* materials in storage )all

#ast Trac0 Part 7<7=== < "a* Materials Sampling < Institut Cimentier < 7=

A Generation For Correct Mining

Sampling

quantity & grain size

Minim!m (!antit% o& t e sample 07g$

Ma.im!m grain si8 e 0mm$

499199 :9199 <9199 =9199 ?9199 >9199 69199 49199 ;1=9 =199 >199 6199 4199

499199 ;9199 <9199 >=199 6=199 4=199 49199 >199 6199 4199 91=9 91>9 9149

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Sampling quantity & grain size

sam ple si8e 0m m $ 499 49 4
91 4 91 = 6 49 6= <9

sam ple (!antit% 07g$

49 9