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ECOLOGY
• Ecology: the scientific study of the
interactions of living organisms with
other living organisms and with the
physical environment.
• Environment = Biotic components +
Abiotic components.
• Biotic components: Living organisms
• Abiotic components: Nonliving
components.
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
• pH value: pH of the soil and water.
Most organisms survive well in neutral
or nearly neutral environment
• Light intensity: affects the distribution
and growth of plants and animals
• Temperature: most living organisms
can only tolerate a narrow range of
tempearture (0oC to 45oC): exceptional
to certain species, example:
termophilic bacteria that can survive in
hot springs.
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
ECTOPARASITE ENDOPARASITE