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Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005
Externally, no traces of the ground system are visible. Inside, only heat pumps and piping can be seen
Geothermal Energy
Definition:
Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of the solid earth
(This definition is official in Germany, in guideline VDI 4640)
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
(Photos: Prmat/Rogner)
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture
doublet system, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany
Cross-border geothermal district heating for the cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A)
Geological cross-section
Graph: Geoteam
In most countries, geothermal district heating needs some investment support, reduced interest loans, etc. to become economic. Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agriculture, and other) improves economy, but usually are very difficult to achieve due to business obstacles, distances, etc. The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution network (example: Bruchsal, D) For heat distribution, Eastern European countries may have an advantage due to existing networks
Geothermal Greenhouses
Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture Shallow geothermal energy geothermal heat pumps everywhere
For shallow geothermal systems, in several countries a market-driven economy exists. This is further boosted by the current oil price development These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway, Netherlands, etc.
refrigerators freezers
Cooling machines
Swimming pool
HX
primary circuit
Geothermal heating at the Polar Circle: Hotel Storforsen, lvsby, Sweden 33 BHE each 160 m deep
HX
E-boiler
cold tap water HWSt. TD
HX: Heat Exchanger E-boiler: Electric heating (peak/back-up) TD: Towel Drying HW-St.: Hot Water Storage
DHW
A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas: Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating
Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the European Centre for public law Meduca in Legraina, Greece 2 groundwater heat pumps
GSHP for cooling (and heating) with groundwater wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey
A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas: Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and a group of people who can afford it. Countries are in particular Czech Republic and Poland, with others following
Number of units
9249
9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1996
1792
Water Ground
6653 6799 7349
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not included Data for 2004 preliminary
GWh/a
1590
1483 570
510
140
130
100
60
30
20
10
LU
IR
SP
36
21
16
0 IT FR SE HU SK AT DE SL
LT PT SF GR PL CZ BE DK NL UK
The values are mainly valid for 1999 and are taken from the country update reports of WGC 2000
5000
4000
GWh/a
3000
1360
2000
5451
1147
1135 589
447
436
1000
196
166
138
135
107
76
Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat from Combined Heatand Power-Generation (CHP) during summertime
Paul-LbeBuilding
Marie-ElisabethLders-Bldg.
cold ATES
Reichstagbuilding
piping shown in fig. 6
www.egec.org www.geothermie.de