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Chapter 9-1
Objectives
Describe Mendels Law of Segregation and Independent Assortment through patterns of inheritance Use Punnett squares to determine probablility of genotype and phenotype Draw monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
Vocabulary
Allele Codominance Complete Dominance Dihybrid cross Dominant Genetics Genotype Heredity Heterozygous Homozygous Incomplete dominance Law of Independent assortment Law of segregation Monohybrid cross Phenotype Probability Punnett square Pure Recessive Strain Trait
Mendel
Heredity is the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring Observed 7 traits (characteristics) of pea plants and wanted to explain variations Controlled pollination (pollen from male anther transferred to female stigma)
Self-pollination pollinates same flower or same plant Cross-pollination pollinates another plant
Experiments
Created 14 strains (pure [always produce offspring with trait] for specific trait) P1 generations (parent) Created an F1 generation of cross-pollinated plants of a specific strain Created an F2 generation of self-pollinated plants Counted and recorded traits in every cross
Law of segregation states that factors are separated in gametes (1 trait) Law of independent assortment states that factors for different characteristics are distributed individually (more than 1 trait)
Genetic Crosses
Chapter 9-2
Phenotype is the appearance Homozygous is when both alleles are the same (pp or PP) Heterozygous is when alleles are different (Pp)
Probability
The likelihood an event will occur Decimal, percent, or fraction Probability= (number of times an event is expected)/(number of opportunities)
Homozygous x Homozygous
b B B Bb Bb b Bb Bb
Homozygous x Heterozygous
B b
B
B
BB
BB
Bb
Bb
Heterozygous x Heterozygous
B B b BB Bb b Bb bb B b
Testcross
b Bb Bb b bb bb
Codominance is when both alleles (heterozygous) are expressed but do not blend
Ex: Brown and black coat on dog
Incomplete Dominance
R R r RR Rr r Rr rr
Codominance
R r r Rr Rr R Rr Rr
Heterozygous x Heterozygous
RrYy rY ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy
RRYY RRYy RrYY RRYy RRyy RrYY RrYy RrYy Rryy RrYy rrYY rrYy
RY
RY