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Gas Turbine engines

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Compressors
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Types of Compressors

•This means that they increase the pressure of the air

by reducing its volume, this is accomplished by a
piston moving up a cylinder compressing the air above
it.
•Single-stage and two-stage reciprocating
compressors are commercially available. Single-stage
compressors are generally used for pressures in the
range of 70 psi to 150 psi. Two-stage compressors are
generally used for higher pressures.
•Reciprocating air compressors are the type of
compressor found in most small shops, they are
positive displacement machines.
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Cairn India – 2007

Rotary Screw Compressors

 Rotary air compressors are also positive

displacement compressors. The most
common rotary air compressor is the single
stage helical or spiral lobe oil flooded screw
air compressor, consisting of two rotors
within a casing where the rotors compress
the air internally. There are no valves. These
units are basically oil cooled with the oil
sealing the internal clearances. Since the
cooling takes place right inside the
compressor, the working parts never
experience extreme operating temperatures
making them continious duty compressors.
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Cairn India – 2007

Centrifugal Compressors
 The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic
compressor which depends on a rotating impeller
to compress the air.

 In order to do this efficiently, centrifugal

compressors must rotate at higher speeds than
the other types of compressors.

 These types of compressors are designed for

higher capacity because flow through the
compressor is continuous and oil free by design.
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Cairn India – 2007

Centrifugal compressors consist of three main parts,

as shown in Figure 1.

•The first is a rotating impeller, which imparts work to

the gas by increasing its angular momentum. The fluid
static pressure and absolute velocity (stationary frame
of reference) increase through the impeller passage.

•The second component is the diffuser section, often

with vanes to increase the effectiveness. The diffuser
converts the kinetic energy into the static pressure by
decelerating the fluid.
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 The third and final component is a volute or

collector, used for collecting the gas from diffuser
and delivering to the outlet pipe. A volute has two
functions: collection and diffusion.

 The volute must collect and transport the fluid to

the downstream system. It also raises the static
pressure by converting kinetic energy (ρu2) to
potential energy (static pressure).

 The latter function has performance benefits, as

the discharge pressure is increased.
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Figure 1: Centrifugal compressor layout. (a) A cross-sectional

view, showing the impeller followed by a vaned diffuser, and a
.volute. (b) An isometric view of the package
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Examples of Application
Impeller of a compressor
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Examples of Application
 Vaned diffuser for centrifugal compressor
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 Turbo charger
Examples of Application
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Cairn India – 2007
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Axial Compressor