Identification of Rock

To classify the rock, we must considered: Origin Composition Texture

Rock Origin

Categorized into 3 main groups of rock: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Not in the category: Meteorite.

Rock Cycle

Igneous Rock

Rock forming process: Form by Crystallization of molten rock / magma. Sub group: Plutonic: Form at significant depth below the surface. Volcanic: Formed at or near the surface.

Igneous Rock

Igneous Rock

Plutonic / Intrusive: Slow cooling process Coarse grain size (Phaneritic): > 1mm Volcanic / Extrusive: Fast cooling process Fine grain size (Aphanitic): <1mm

Igneous Rock

Texture: i. Pegmatitic ii. Phaneritic iii. Aphanitic iv. Porphyritic v. Vesicular vi. Glassy vii. Pyroclastic

Igneous Rock

Composition: i. Felsic ii. Intermediate iii. Mafic iv. Ultramafic

Igneous Rock

Igneous Rock

Igneous Rock
Photo from Agus K Supono, RRI homepage

Sedimentary Rock

Rock forming process: Form from pre-existing rock particles. Rock (weathering) small particles (transportation) (deposition) (lithification by compaction and cementation) SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Sedimentary Rock

Sub group and texture: Clastic: Gravel, Sand, Silt and Clay Chemical: Gypsum, Quartz and Calcite Biologic: Calcite, Carbon and Fossils.
Subgroup
Clastic Chemical Bio-chemical Biologic

Texture Gravel Sand Quartz

Calcite Fossils Carbon

Silt Clay Gypsum

Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock
Grand Canyon photo by Reiner Stenzel

Metamorphic Rock

Rock forming process: Form by re-crystallization of the rocks by the action of pressure, temperatures and pore fluids (chemistry). Sub group and texture: Regional: Foliated Contact: Non-foliated Dynamic: Non-foliated

Metamorphic Rock
Subgroup Regional Texture slaty Phyllitic Foliated Schistosity Gneiss Banding

Type of Rock

Rock Forming Process

Subgroup Intrusive/ Plutonic

Texture Pegmatite Pheneritic Porphyritic Aphanitic

Composition

Mineralogy

Parent Rock

Index Mineral

Course grain

Igneous

Crystallization of the molten rock/magma

Extrusive/ Volcanic

Fine grain

Vesicular Glassy Pyroclastic

Felsic Intermediate Refer to Mafic Bowen series Ultramafic

weathering, transportation, deposition and Sedimentary lithification of the rock particles

Clastic Chemical Biologic

Gravel
Sand Quartz Calcite Fossils

Silt
Clay Gypsum Carbon slaty

What mineral you see inside

Recrystallization of the rock by Metamorphic the action of pressure and temperature

Phyllitic Regional Foliated Schistosity Gneiss Banding What mineral you see inside

Contact

Dynamic

Non-Foliated

Thank you