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Installing steel piping in customer gas appliance distribution systems requires an understanding of proper pipe fitting skills and fuel gas code requirements. In this module you will learn to identify: (1) Pipe size and pipe fittings commonly used in propane vapor distribution systems (2) Common piping procedures
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2.4.2 specifies that metallic pipe shall be wrought iron or steel (black or galvanized), brass, or copper. Wrought iron or steel pipe must comply with the listed ASME or ASTM standards.
Pipe Sizing. Propane piping must be of such size and installed to provide a
supply of propane sufficient to meet the maximum demand without undue loss of pressure between the point of delivery and the gas utilization equipment.
Standard pipe of steel or wrought iron up to 12 inches in diameter is specified by its nominal inside diameter (ID). The actual inside diameter of the pipe will vary depending on the wall thickness of the pipe.
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A schedule number is used as a means of specifying the wall thickness of pipe. The National Fuel Gas Code, NFPA 54, requires that steel and wrought iron pipe be at least of standard weight (Schedule 40) in pressure regulated vapor systems.
Types of Pipe Fittings. Pipe fittings are the components used in making turns or connecting sections of piping systems. In propane piping systems, only steel and malleable iron fittings are used with steel or wrought iron pipe. Cast iron shall not be used.
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Bullhead Tee. A "bullhead" connection of a tee means connecting a fitting or a piece of pipe in the side opening of the tee.
Pages 5 & 6
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Figure 16. End-to-End Measurement The "end-to-center" measurement is equal to the distance between one end of the pipe and the center of the opening of the fitting attached to the other end (Figure 17). Figure 17. End-to-Center Measurement The "center-to-center" measurement is equal to the distance between the center of the openings of two fittings connected by a piece of pipe (Figure 18).
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Inspect the first cut and make certain that all cutting wheels are in the same groove. This is called "tracking." Special care must be taken when using three and four wheel cutters to be sure that they track properly. Always rotate cutter handle towards the open face of cutter.
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Clean the threads of both the pipe and fitting to be assembled. Once cleaned, check the threads carefully to be sure they are in good condition. Properly apply a thread sealing compound (pipe joint compound) or pipe sealant tape to the male threads only. Do not apply sealing compound to the first two or three threads.
Step 4:
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Step 5: Step 6:
Assemble the fitting on the pipe by hand and use a pipe wrench to complete the connection. After the piping system is completely assembled, each outlet, including a valve, must be closed gas-tight with a threaded plug or cap immediately after installation as required by 6.7.2.1 of NFPA 54, 2002 edition.
New piping and modified branches of existing piping systems must be successfully pressure tested at 1 times normal working pressure, but no less than 3 psig for a minimum of 10 minutes prior to their connection to gas appliances, as prescribed by Chapter 7 of NFPA 54.
Step 7:
A leak check of the complete vapor distribution system, including appliance connections must be performed before the system is placed into service.
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2.
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NFPA 54 2002
7.1.1.1 Prior to acceptance and initial operation, all piping installations shall be inspected and pressure tested to determine that the materials, design, fabrication, and installation practices comply with the requirements of this code. 7.1.1.3 Where repairs or additions are made following the pressure test, the affected piping shall be tested. Minor repairs and additions are not required to be pressure tested provided that the work is inspected and connections are tested with a non-corrosive leak-detecting fluid or other leak-detecting methods approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
7.1.1.4 Where new branches are installed from the point of delivery to new appliance(s), only the newly installed branch(es) shall be required to be pressure tested. Connections between the new piping and the existing piping shall be tested with a non-corrosive leak-detecting fluid or approved leak-detecting methods.
4.2.17 Student Book 2004 Propane Education & Research Council Page 17
To equipment inlet
P ipe tee
P ipe nipple
3 inches minimum
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Pages 19 - 23