Bio Ethics Timeline and Controversies

Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05

What is Bio-Ethics?
The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research Examples?

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Why Bioethics?

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Current Bioethical Issues

Check the local news paper Stem cells (state, national, international) Genetically Engineered Organisms Knowing your genes In vetro fertilization choosing your child's genes and characteristics Chemicals exposures human health Environmental health

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The Commons

The Tragedy of the Commons By Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968

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Bioethics
Van Rensselaer Potter
"Biology combined with diverse humanistic knowledge forging a science that sets a system of medical and environmental priorities for acceptable survival. Global Bioethics (1988)

-------- 1911 - 2001 -------Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05

Ethics and Science

1860s - Scientific method in medicine, Gregor Mendel 1928 - Penicillin discovered widely used WWII 1920s - Lead in gasoline, lead in paint 1931 - 30 states had sterilization laws on books 1932 - Tuskegee syphilis study initiated 1947 - Nuremberg - The Doctors Trial 1952 - First open heart surgery & Chlorpromazine 1953 - Structure of DNA Watson & Crick 60s - Thalidomide, mercury, chronic hemodialysis, amniocentesis, informed consent, IRBs 70s - Hastings Center founded, bioethics defined, Tuskegee noticed
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Ethics and Science

1973 Roe V. Wade Unrestricted access to abortion 1978- First Test Tube ever born 80s - Recombinant microorganism could be patented, lead is harmful to developing brain 90s - molecular biology, sequencing of human genome (other species), Jurassic Park 1996- Dolly the sheep is the first Mammal ever cloned 00s - US stem cell research restricted 2003- Human Genome project complete ? - Human cloned?

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Human Clones?

Are there human clones? Yes Identical Twins

(Time 2.19.01)
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Cloning Defined
What is cloning? Asexual reproduction Examples? Bacteria, fungus Plants cutting potato Farm animals

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Cloning Dolly

1997 - 2003
(Roslin Institute http://www.roslin.ac.uk/library/)
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Cloning A Sheep

(Roslin Institute http://www.roslin.ac.uk/library/)

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IVF In Vitro Fertilization

Baby conceived in a test tube and implanted in a Uterus Available since 1986 About 100,000 IVF kids in U.S. Often creates extra embryos some would like to use for Stem Cell research. U.S. - About 400,000 frozen embryos (unregulated) England 52,000 (regulated by government)
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Controversies:
Should a mother be legally liable for drinking or doing drugs while pregnant? This of course would cause harm to their unborn child. Opinion?

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Controversies:
Should you be allowed to genetically modify your children before they are born to prevent disease? What about to change eye color, make them taller, stronger, smarter, better behaved? Opinion:

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Controversies:
Should college students be forced to get the meningitis vaccine?
Opinion

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Controversies:
Should food and chemical corporations genetically modify food to yield more product, make food more nutritious, or make food taste better? Would you eat this food? Opinion

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Controversies:
Should people be allowed to sell their extra kidney or a portion of their liver to a person in need of a transplant? This is currently illegal Opinion

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