CONFUSED LETS SEE THE DIFFERENCE

Difference between Organic And Inorganic compounds.

Organic

Inorganic

More On Covalent Bonding

The bonds in covalent bonding with itself ( CC) is quite strong but with others is weak . Thus the melting and boiling points are quite low. Also in ionic the bonds are tight and due to ion formation they are good conductors of heat and electricity in contrast to covalent bonds due to unavailability of carbon

What Is Carbon ?
Non-metallic element of group IV-A which constitutes only about 0.009 % by mass of Earths crust. (but it is the 6th most abundant element in the universe) It is tetravalent ( Valency 4 ) Exists in three isotopes: 12C, 13C, 14C Has the unique ability to form long chains (consisting of more than 50 C atoms) and stable five or sixmembered rings called catenation.

Physical Properties Of Carbon..

Atomic number: Electron Configuration: Atomic mass: Melting Point: Boiling Point: Density: Phase (room temperature): 6 K-2 , L-4 12.0107 amu 3,823 K 4,098 K 2.2670 g/cm3 Solid

 Carbon is found in various states called allotropes. Thus Allotropy Is Two or more forms of the same element that differ significantly in chemical & physical properties. Thus carbon ,though in small numbers is found in many organic and inorganic compounds, in free and bonded state with varied properties such as Diamond , Graphite, Nanotubes, Coal etc.

Diamond

Hard Bad Conductor. Carbon tightly bonded with other 3 . No free electrons
Soft & Brittle Good Conductor as Carbons atoms are like fuzed benzene atoms but due to only 2 double bonds 1 electron are free

Graphite

Description
Graphite is soft and used in pencil leads and as dry lubricant Buckminister Fullerene is in the shape football and is researched upon.

Diamond is hardest substance which is used for drilling holes and cutting glass

Bonding with Carbon.

The electronic configuration of carbon is K-2 L-4 . Thus it needs +- 4 electrons to complete its octet or duplet. Thus, if it loses 4 electrons then too much of energy will be required which may lead to an atom collapse. The story is similar as if it gains 4 electrons than a small nucleus wont be able to withstand such a huge force. Thus , the extreme necessity of carbon to become stable leads to mutual sharing of electrons.

Covalent Bonding
As mentioned earlier Carbon has to share its electrons to attain its noble gas configuration. So, Carbon needs 4 electrons to complete its Octet . Thus, Caron and its valance's will be represented as

Covalent Bond except Carbon

Covalent bonding happened with atoms other that carbons such as Oxygen Nitrogen and in compounds such as Water. In covalent bonding actually electrons are shares at vey high sppeds . This occurs between a non metal with another

Hydrocarbons
Now when we know carbon can combine with itself and with hydrogen , when carbon does like this the resulting compound which is stable is known as a hydrocarbon. For eg- CH4

CLASSIFYING HYDROCARBONS
Alkanes Aliphatic or Open Chain

Alkenes Alkynes
Aromatic

Hydrocarbon

Carbocyclic Alicyclic

Types Of Hydrocarbon
Single bond
Alkane

CnH2n+2 ( n- number of carbon atoms) Double bond CnH2n ( n- number of carbon atoms ) Triple Bonds CnH2n-2 ( n- number of carbon atoms)

Alkene

Alkyne

They have single or double bond between carbon atoms in a branch . EgCyclopropane. Alicyclic

Aromatic

They have single and double forms in a cycle form. Eg. benzene

Alkane Alkene And Alkyne

Alkanes
The general formula of alkane is CnH2n+2 ( n- number of carbon atoms) Examples of alkanes: CH4 Thus series of alkanes isMethane CH4

Pentane C5H12

Ethane C2H6

Butane C4H10

Propane C3H8

Alkenes
The general formula of alkene is CnH2n( n- number of carbon atoms) Examples of alkenes: C2H4 It starts from 2 carbon atoms as 2 carbon atoms are
must for a double bond.

Thus series of alkenes is-

Ethene

Hexene

Propene

Pentene

Butene

The general formula of alkene is CnH2n-2( n- number of carbon atoms) Examples of alkynes: C2H2 It starts from 2 carbon atoms as 2 carbon atoms are must for a double
bond.

Alkyne

Thus series of alkynes is-

Ethyne

Hexyne

Propyne

Pentyne

Butyne

More On Alkanes

More On Alkenes

More On Alkynes

Saturated And Unsaturated

Unsaturated
Saturated

Reasons For Large No. Of carbon Compounds