SUBMITTED TO:-

SUBMITTED BY:Manish Goyal B.Tech.(Mech.) 7th Sem. 3708521

A turbocharger is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by engines exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine, thereby resulting in greater engine performance. They are preferably used with I.C. engines (e.g.- 4 stroke engines like otto or diesel cycle) The term turbocharger is derived by shortening the term turbosupercharger. This term specifies that turbocharger are a specific type of supercharger one that is driven by turbine. A supercharger, also called a blower, is a gas compressor used to pump air into the cylinder of an I.C. engine. In petrol engine, the charge is petrol/air mixture.

Turbocharger was invented by Swiss Engineer Alfred Buchi, who received a patent in 1905 for using a compressor driven by exhaust gases to force air into a piston engine. During World War-1 French Engineer Auguste Rateau fitted turbocharger to Renault engines powering french fighters, ships, and locomotives equipped with turbocharged diesel engines began appearing in 1920s. The worlds first functional , actually tested engine superchager was made by Dugald Clerk, who used it for the first 2 stroke engine in 1878. Gottlieb Daimler received a German patent for supercharging an I.C. engine in 1885. An early supercharged car was by Lee Chadwick of Pottstown, Pennysylvania in 1908, which, it was reported, reached a speed of 100 mph (160 km/h).

Generally, They are of three types 1. Centrifugal type 2. Roots type 3. Vane type
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the engine pulley by means of a V-belt. The air/fuel mixture enters the impeller at the center and after passing through the impeller and diffuser vanes, it enters the volute casing, where a part of its kinetic energy is recovered and mixture at supercharged pressure goes out of the casing to the engine. They have to run at very high speeds (80000 r.p.m.) , so made of duralumin, or alloy steels.

Centrifugal Type:- This is most common type. It is run from

2. Roots Type:- This type has two long rotors which spin inside the
housing. Each rotor has two or three lobes that are either straight or helical. The rotors are geared together and driven by a belt or chain from the engine crankshaft. In case of diesel engine , the air fills the space between the rotor lobes and housing. The spinning rotors carry the trapped air around the housing and meshing rotors force the air out and into the intake manifold.

3. Vane Type:- In this type, a no. of vanes are mounted on the drum
in such a way that they can slide in or out against the spring force. It is seen that spaces between the body and the drum goes on dec. from the inlet to outlet side as drum rotates. Thus the mixture entrapped between two vanes experience decrease of volume and hence increase of pressure as it reaches the outlet.

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A turbine which is almost always a radial inflow turbine (which

receives the gases at the blade tips and guides the air inward and outward ). As the turbine rotates due to exhaust gases , it also rotates the compressor. Thus exhaust gas energy is utilized to run to run the compressor.
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A Compressor which is always a centrifugal compressor. It

compresses the air and increases its temperature and pressure before entering into the intake manifold.

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Center Housing which encloses all these components

The turbocharger includes a turbine and a centrifugal compressor coupled together . The exhaust gases from the engine enter the turbocharger and run the turbine, which further derives the compressor . The atmospheric air enters the compressor and raises its pressure about 0.5 bar (50 kPa ), which means about 50% more air by weight , which should increase the power by 50% from the same engine. In practice, we obtain about 30 to 40% increase in power. It is seen that advanced engine management lets turbocharged engines deliver pumped-up power in low rpm range, called over boost. This over boost period provides extra turbo pressure at lower speeds for period of time long enough to accelerate the vehicle to highway speed, which means turbocharged engine provide muscular response . The purpose of inter-cooler is to cool the mixture as to increase its volumetric efficiency.

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Power output of engine is increased. Torque characteristics of turbocharged engine is better. Turbocharged engines have more B.P./weight ratio, compared to naturally aspirated engines. Power loss due to decrease in air density at higher altitudes is reduced by using turbocharger. Reduced fuel consumption. Reduced harmful gas emissions. They are mostly used on diesel engines as diesel engines are stronger than petrol engines as they operate at higher compression ratios.

Requires good maintenance of engine oil, oil and air filters , as any dirt in oil and air can cause failures. 2. Turbo Lag is experienced by driver which is a delay between pressing the accelerator pedal and feeling the turbo action. 3. At lower speeds and lighter loads, a turbocharger supplies less boost . 4. Too costly so usually used on expensive automobiles.
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Yet both of them perform the same function , yet the difference lies in The power supply to drive the same. The supercharger is driven Directly by engine through a belt; so power of engine is reduced as Power is consumed by supercharger. On the other hand, there is no Such power loss in case of turbocharger as it gets its power from the Exhaust gases only. Besides, though supercharger are easier to install, Yet prove more expensive.

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Today they are used on gasoline and on diesel engines. In gasoline engines, they are used on high performance automobiles and in diesel engines they are used in transportation and other industrial applications. They are used in air-crafts . It is because of turbocharger that aircraft climbs to higher altitudes. They are used in trucks, tractors and boats. They are also used on heavy machinery such as locomotive ships.

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ABB turbo system BorgWarner Turbo System Caterpillar Cummins turbo Technologies Honeywell Turbo Technologies MAN Diesel Mitsubishi Heavy Industries NAPIER Turbochargers