Implementando los Servicios de Direccionamiento IP

Accessing the WAN Chapter 7

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Objectives

Configure DHCP in an enterprise branch network

Configure NAT on a Cisco router Configure new generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe the function of DHCP in a network

ITE 1 Chapter 6

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe how DHCP dynamically assigns an IP address to a client

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Formato Mensaje DHCP

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 Opcode (1 byte): Indica el tipo de mensaje, que puede ser una solicitud o una respuesta. stas, a su vez, pueden ser (segn se incluya en las opciones): DHCPDISCOVER: Usado en difusin por el cliente para encontrar un servidor disponible. DHCPOFFER: Lo enva el servidor al cliente como respuesta a DHCPDISCOVER con la direccin IP y otros parmetros. DHCPREQUEST: El cliente solicita los parmetros ofrecidos por uno de los servidores (denegando implcitamente los ofrecidos por otros servidores). Tambin se usa para extender en el tiempo la validez de una direccin IP. DHCPACK: Reconocimiento por el servidor de los parmetros a utilizar. Se espera que el cliente configure su interfaz de red con dichos parmetros. DHCPNACK: Reconocimiento negativo. No puede seguir usando la direccin IP o sta es incorrecta. DHCPDECLINE: El cliente comunica al servidor que la direccin IP est actualmente en uso. DHCPRELEASE: El cliente comunica que no seguir usando la direccin IP asignada. DHCPINFORM: Mensaje enviado por el cliente que ya conoce su direccin IP, para obtener otros parmetros de configuracin.

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Tipo HW (1 byte): Indica el tipo de hardware. Por ejemplo, para Ethernet el valor de este campo sera 1 mientras que para IEEE802 sera 6. Longitud (1 byte): Indica el nmero de bytes de la direccin fsica. Para Ethernet sera 6.

Saltos (1 byte): Puesto por el cliente a 0, se incrementa por cada router que redirige el mensaje. Identificador (4 byte): Nmero aleatorio usado para comparar la solicitud con la respuesta que se genera. Tiempo (1 byte): Fijado por el cliente. Es el nmero de segundos transcurridos desde que se inici el intento de arranque de la mquina. Flags (2 bytes): El bit ms significativo de este campo (bit 15) se usa como flag de broadcast (este bit debe estar a 1 para indicar el envo en difusin). Se utiliza para indicar al servidor que el cliente slo puede recibir mensajes en difusin (porque hasta que no tenga la direccin definitivamente asignada no puede recibir mensajes unicast). Direccin IP cliente (4 byte): Puesto por el cliente, puede ser 0.0.0.0 o su direccin IP si la conoce. Direccin IP asignada (4 byte): Fijada por el servidor si el campo anterior es 0.0.0.0 Direccin IP del servidor DHCP (4 bytes): Fijada por el servidor. Direccin IP Router de Reenvio (4 byte): Introducido por una mquina relay DHCP, para que el servidor de DHCP le devuelva la contestacin. Direccin fsica del cliente (16 bytes): Fijada por el cliente y usada por el servidor para identificar cul de los clientes registrados est arrancando. Nombre del Servidor DHCP (64 bytes): Este campo es optativo. Nombre del Archivo de Arranque (128 bytes): Este campo, heredado del protocolo BOOTP, tambin es optativo. Rellenado por el servidor para indicar al cliente un archivo de arranque en el cliente o en un servidor de configuracin. Opciones (longitud variable, mximo 312 bytes): Estn indicadas en RFC 2132.

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe the differences between BOOTP and DHCP

ITE 1 Chapter 6

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe how to configure a DHCP server

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe how to configure a Cisco router as a DHCP client

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Explain how DHCP Relay can be used to configure a router to relay DHCP messages when the server and the client are not on the same segment

ITE 1 Chapter 6

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe how to configure a Cisco router as a DHCP client using SDM

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Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch Network

Describe how to troubleshoot a DHCP configuration

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Describe the operation and benefits of using private and public IP addressing

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Explain the key features of NAT and NAT overload

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of NAT

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Describe how to configure static NAT to conserve IP address space in a network

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Describe how to configure dynamic NAT to conserve IP address space in a network

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Describe how to configure NAT Overload to conserve IP address space in a network

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Describe how to configure port forwarding

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Configure NAT on a Cisco Router

Describe how to verify and troubleshoot NAT and NAT overload configurations

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Explain the need for IPv6 to provide a long-term solution to the depletion problem of IP address

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Describe the format of the IPv6 addresses and the appropriate methods for abbreviating them

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Explain the various methods of assigning IPv6 addresses to a device

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Describe the transition strategies for implementing IPv6

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Describe how Cisco IOS dual stack enables IPv6 to run concurrently with IPv4 in a network

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Describe the concept of IPv6 tunneling

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Describe how IPv6 affects common routing protocols, and how these protocols are modified to support IPv6

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Explain how to configure a router to use IPv6

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 The distinction between EUI-48 and MAC-48 identifiers is purely semantic: MAC-48 is used for network hardware; EUI-48 is used to identify other devices and software. (Thus, by definition, an EUI-48 is not in fact a "MAC address", although it is syntactically indistinguishable from one and assigned from the same numbering space.) The IEEE now considers the label MAC-48 to be an obsolete term which was previously used to refer to a specific type of EUI-48 identifier used to address hardware interfaces within existing 802based networking applications and should not be used in the future. Instead, the term EUI-48 should be used for this purpose. EUI-64 identifiers are used in: FireWire

IPv6 (as the least-significant 64 bits of a unicast network address or link-local address when stateless autoconfiguration is used)
ZigBee / 802.15.4 wireless personal-area networks

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Explain how to configure and verify RIPng for IPv6

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Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Explain how to verify and troubleshoot IPv6

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Summary
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
This is a means of assigning IP address and other configuration information automatically.

DHCP operation
3 different allocation methods
Manual Automatic Dynamic Steps to configure DHCP Define range of addresses Create DHCP pool

Configure DHCP pool specifics

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Summary
DHCP Relay
Concept of using a router configured to listen for DHCP messages from DHCP clients and then forwards those messages to servers on different subnets

Troubleshooting DHCP
Most problems arise due to configuration errors Commands to aid troubleshooting Show ip dhcp Show run debug

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Summary
Private IP addresses
Class A = 10.x.x.x
Class B = 172.16.x.x 172.31.x.x Class C = 192.168.x.x

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A means of translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses Type s of NAT

Static
Dynamic Some commands used for troubleshooting Show ip nat translations

Show ip nat statistics

Debug ip nat
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Summary
IPv6
A 128 bit address that uses colons to separate entries

Normally written as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits

Cisco IOS Dual Stack

A way of permitting a node to have connectivity to an IPv4 & IP v6 network simultaneously

IPv6 Tunneling
An IPV6 packet is encapsulated within another protocol

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Summary
Configuring RIPng with IPv6
1st globally enable IPv6 2nd enable IPv6 on interfaces on which IPv6 is to be enabled 3rd enable RIPng using either ipv6 rotuer rip name ipv6 router name enable

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ITE 1 Chapter 6

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