3.

3 Radiation
Shiny foil blankets Energy transfer by radiation Good and bad absorbers and radiators of heat ? Check-point 3 Examples of heat transfer by ? radiation
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Shiny foil blankets

After a long running, officials usually wrap the runners up in shiny foil blankets.

What is the function of the shiny blanket? Why is it shiny?

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Shiny foil blankets

Shinny surfaces are poor absorbers and poor radiators of heat. The shiny blanket can reduce heat loss by radiation.

It stops the runner cooling down too quickly.

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1 Energy transfer by radiation

We feel warm!
Is the energy transferred from the heater to our hand by conduction?

No! Air is a poor conductor!

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1 Energy transfer by radiation

We feel warm!
Is the energy transferred from the heater to our hand by convection?

No! Hot air only rises & does not travel across!
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1 Energy transfer by radiation

Energy is transferred by a method called radiation.

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1 Energy transfer by radiation

Example: Solar energy is transferred through a vast empty space (vacuum).

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1 Energy transfer by radiation

An object that is warm/hot radiates energy. The hotter the object, the more energy it radiates.

Such radiation is called infra-red radiation (IR). It is invisible We feel warm when we absorb it.
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1 Energy transfer by radiation

Filament bulb is hot enough to emit visible light & IR.
electrical energy
filament

visible + IR light

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1 Energy transfer by radiation

electrical energy
filament

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visible + IR light We feel warm

It lights up

Energy is gained on absorbing infra-red radiation from objects.

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Experiment 3c
Radiation

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Absorption of radiation by different surfaces ~ 10 cm ~ 10 cm

silvery foil

foil painted black

Which surface is better for absorbing radiation?

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Experiment 3c
Radiation

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Radiation of heat from different surfaces Pour the same amount of boiling water into 2 flasks.

Take the 2 temperatures.

Take the 2 temperatures again after 10 minutes.

painted dull black

painted silvery

Which flask loses heat faster?

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Experiment 3c
Radiation

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Video

Video

Simulation
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2 Good and bad absorbers 14 and radiators of heat

Experiment 3c shows: Dull black surfaces are good absorbers & good radiators of radiation. Shiny surfaces are poor absorbers & poor radiators of radiation; they reflect energy away.

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2 Good and bad absorbers 15 and radiators of heat

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2 Good and bad absorbers 16 and radiators of heat

Everyday application: Radiators in cars are painted black.
It loses energy easily!
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2 Good and bad absorbers 17 and radiators of heat

Everyday application: Fuel storage tanks are painted silvery reflect away energy from the Sun will not overheat

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Check-point 3
1 2 By which of the following... Why is the cooling fins of...

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Dark-coloured objects are...

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Check-point 3 Q1
By which of the following processes do spaceships in space lose heat?
A B C Conduction Convection Radiation

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Check-point 3 Q2
Why is the cooling fins of a refrigerator usually black in colour? Materials coloured black can A conduct energy better.

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B
C

radiate energy better.

lose more energy by convection.

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Check-point 3 Q3
Dark-coloured objects are good radiation warmer if absorbers Hence, we feel _________ __________. we wear dark clothes in winter.

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3 Examples of heat transfer by radiation

a The thermos or vacuum flask

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It keeps food hot or cold by

heat exchange between food & environment through conduction, convection & radiation.
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The thermos or vacuum flask cap

plastic / cork stopper
heat loss by conduction & convection

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insulated support
heat loss by conduction
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The thermos or vacuum flask

Silvery glass wall
heat loss by radiation

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vacuum flask
vacuum between the double glass walls heat loss by conduction & convection

outer case
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It works on the same steel thermos principle as thermos. Food is first cooked using the inner pot put into outer pot to keep food hot without a fire
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The thermos or vacuum flask outer pot (insulating) Vacuum cooker a stainless

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inner pot (conducting)

made of stainless steel/ aluminium

The thermos or vacuum flask

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Vacuum cooker Inner & outer lids

heat loss by conduction & convection

Insulating handle

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The thermos or vacuum flask

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Vacuum cooker Inner pot Silvery steel wall

heat loss by radiation

Outer vacuum insulated pot

vacuum between the double steel walls heat loss by conduction & convection
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The thermos or vacuum flask

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acts as a poor conductor & avoid direct contact between the 2 pots food is kept at a high temperature for a long time & is cooked without a fire
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Vacuum cooker a thin film of air between inner pot & outer pot

Greenhouse

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glass roof

glass wall

It allows radiation from the Sun to pass through warms up the floor & air above

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Greenhouse

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Warmed air & floor emit infra-red radiation. But this infra-red radiation can't escape easily through the glass. infra-red radiation is trapped inside the greenhouse keeps greenhouse warm

plants can grow even in cold weather

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Experiment 3d
Trapping warm air

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Set up the following apparatus.

thermometer

empty boiling tube

10 cm

10 cm

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Experiment 3d
Trapping warm air

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Take the temperature readings on the 2 thermometers before the lamp is switched on. Switch on the lamp and take the temperature readings after about 20 minutes (or longer). Which one shows a bigger in temperature?
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Experiment 3d
Trapping warm air

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Switch off the lamp and take the temperature readings after about 20 minutes. Which one shows a bigger in temperature?

Video
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3 Examples of heat transfer by radiation

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The End

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Example 4
Colour of school uniform

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School uniforms are usually light-coloured in summer...

& dark-coloured in winter. What are the reasons for that?

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Example 4
Colour of school uniform

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Light-coloured clothes absorb less energy by radiation than darkcoloured clothes under the Sun.
help students stay cool in summer keep students warm in winter
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Return

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Example 5

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White houses in Greek islands

Greece is a country with hot summers in the Mediterranean Sea. Explain briefly why people there usually paint their houses white.

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Example 5

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White houses in Greek islands

Objects in white are poor absorbers of heat.

They reflect most energy of sun shinning on them.

painting in white can keep the

insides cool

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Example 6
Cooling system of a car

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Example 6
Cooling system of a car

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(a) Explain briefly why water is used as a coolant.

Water has a very high specific heat capacity.

Large amount of energy is absorbed without a big increase in temperature.
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Example 6
Cooling system of a car

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(b) Give two features of the cooling system that allow radiator to be cooled effectively. Explain the purpose of each feature briefly.

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Example 6
Cooling system of a car

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(b) A fan is installed. It enhances the flow of air that bring away the heat.

The pipe of the radiator has fins.

The fins increase the surface area of the pipe. This enhances the conduction of heat.
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Example 6
Cooling system of a car

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(c)

What colour should be used to paint the radiator?

Explain briefly.

Black.
Black surfaces lose energy as radiation more readily.
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Example 6
Cooling system of a car

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(d) The water is pumped to pass the engine from A to B, instead of flowing from B to A. Explain the advantage briefly.
Water gets hot and rises as it passes through the engine. If water passes from B to A, convection current will be against the flow, and make the circulation less efficient.
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