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Four (4)

are four-sided polygons.

Sides

To know that a polygon is a quadrilateral:

it should have 4 sides and 4 vertices or


corners.

All interior angles add up to 360.


Example:

PARALLELOGRAM RECTAGLE RHOMBUS SQUARE TRAPEZOID (US) KITE

PARALLELOGRAM
Opposite sides are
PARALLEL and EQUAL IN LENGTH

Opposite angles are


EQUAL
TAKE NOTE: Squares, Rectangles, and Rhombuses are ALL PARALLELOGRAMS

Angles a and b add up


to 180 degrees, so they are SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES

PERIMETER OF A PARALLELOGRAM

The Perimeter is 2 times


the (base + side length)

Perimeter = 2(b+s)
Example: A parallelogram has a base of 12 cm and a side length of 6m. What is its perimeter?

Perimeter = 2 (12 cm + 6 cm) = 2 x 18 cm = 36 cm

AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM

The Area is base times the


height

Area = b x h
Example: A parallelogram has a base of 6m and is 3m high. What is its area? Area = 6m x 3m = 18 m2

RECTANGLE
Foursided shape where
every angle is a RIGHT angle

The opposite sides are


PARALLEL and of EQUAL LENGTH

PERIMETER OF A RECTANGLE

The Perimeter is 2 times


the (width + height)

Perimeter= 2(w + h)
Example: A rectangle has a width of 12 cm, and a height of 5 cm. What is its perimeter?

Perimeter = 2 (12 cm + 5 cm) = 2 x 17 cm = 34 cm

AREA OF A RECTANGLE

The Area is the width times


the height

Area = w x h
Example: A rectangle is 6 m wide and 3 m high. What is its area? Area = 6m x 3m = 18 m2

RHOMBUS
four-sided shape where all
sides have equal length

opposite sides are parallel opposite angles are equal diagonals bisect each other
at right angles

PERIMETER OF A RHOMBUS

P= 4S
Example: A rhombus has a side length of 12 cm. What is its perimeter? Perimeter = 4 x 12 cm = 48 cm

AREA OF A RHOMBUS

the altitude times the side


length:

Area = altitude s
Example: What is the area of a rhombus with a side of 9cm, and an altitude of 6cm? Area = 6 m 9 m = 54 m2

AREA OF A RHOMBUS

the side length squared (s2)


times the sine of angle A (or angle B): Area = s2 sin(A) Area = s2 sin(B) Example: Find the area of a rhombus with an angle of 80 and sides of 12 cm. A= (12)2 sin (80) = 141.816 cm2

AREA OF A RHOMBUS

by multiplying the lengths of


the diagonals and then dividing by 2:

Area = (p q)/2
Example: What is the area of a rhombus with a side of 9cm, and an altitude of 6cm? Area = (6 m 8 m)/2 = 24 m2

SQUARE
has equal sides every angle is a right angle
(90)

opposite sides are parallel also fits the definition of


a rectangle and a rhombus

PERIMETER OF A SQUARE
Example: A square has a side length of 12 cm. What is its perimeter?

Perimeter = 4 x 12 cm = 48 cm

P= 4a

DIAGONAL OF A SQUARE

d = a 2
Example: A square has a side length of 5 m. What is the length of a diagonal? d = 5 1.41421 = 7.071 m

AREA OF A SQUARE

The Area is the side length


squared:

Area = a2 = a a
Example: A square has a side length of 6 m. What is its area? Area = 6 m 6 m = 36 m2

AREA OF A SQUARE

The Area is also half of the


diagonal squared:

Area = d2/2
Example: Find the area of a square with a diagonal of 10 m. A= (10 m)2/2 = 50 m2

TRAPEZOID
4-sided flat shape with straight Called an Isosceles trapezoid
when the sides that aren't parallel are equal in length and both angles coming from a parallel side are equal. ( is a quadrilateral with NO parallel sides.) sides that has a pair of opposite sides parallel.

Called a "Trapezium" in the UK

PARTS OF A TRAPEZOID

The parallel sides are the


"bases"

The other two sides are the


"legs"

The distance (at right


angles) from one base to the other is called the "altitude"

MEDIAN OF A TRAPEZOID

The median (also called a The median's length is the


average of the two base a+b lengths: m=
2

midline or midsegment) is a line segment half-way between the two bases.

Example:

If a measures 5m and b measures 13m what is its median? m= (5m + 13m)/2 = 9m

PERIMETER OF A TRAPEZOID

The Perimeter is the sum


of all side lengths

Perimeter = a+b+c+d
Example: A trapezoid has side length of 5 cm, 12 cm, 4 cm and 15 cm. What is its perimeter?

Perimeter = 5 cm + 12 cm + 4 cm + 15 cm = 36 cm

AREA OF A TRAPEZOID

The Area is the average of


the two base lengths times the altitude

Area=
Example:

a+b
2

x h or Area = mh

A trapezoid's two bases are 6 m and 4m, and it is 3m high. What is its area? 6m +4m Area= x 3m 2 = 5m x 3m = 15 m2

KITE
Is a flat shape with straight
sides. It has 2 pairs of equal adjacent sides. Each pair is made up of adjacent sides (they meet) that are equal in length. The angles are equal where the two pairs meet. Diagonals (dashed lines) cross at right angles, and one of the diagonals bisects (cuts equally in half) the other.

TAKE NOTE: When all sides have equal length the Kite will also be a rhombus. When all the angles are also 90 the Kite will be a square.

PERIMETER OF A KITE

The Perimeter is the


distance around the edges.

Perimeter = 2(a + b)
Example: A kite has side lengths of 12 m and 10m. What is its perimeter?

Perimeter = 2 (12 cm + 10 cm) = 2 x 22 cm = 44 cm

AREA OF A KITE

multiply the lengths of the


diagonals and then divide by 2

Area=

p+q
2

A kite has diagonals of 3 cm and 5 cm. Example: What is its area? 3cm+5cm Area = 2 = 15cm/2 = 7.5 cm2

A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. A regular polygon is a polygon with all sides and all angles congruent. An irregular quadrilateral is thus a quadrilateral that is not regular. For example:

The only regular quadrilateral is a square. So all other quadrilaterals are irregular.

When two sides cross over, you call it a "Complex" or "Self-Intersecting" quadrilateral like these:

They still have 4 sides, but two sides cross over.

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