Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Sound Waves
%an &e re'lected and re'racted# Echoes are due to re'lected sound# $he amplitude o' a sound wave is a measure o' how much energy is &eing carried# (igger amplitude means louder sound# )re*uency o' a sound determines its pitch# )re*uency is measured in hert+# ,igh 're*uency leads to high pitch and vice versa#
Wave $races
A quiet sound.
A louder sound.
Ultrasound
$his is sound with a higher 're*uency than we can hear, i#e# a&ove 2---- ,+# Uses include: industrial cleaning, &rea.ing down .idney stones, industrial *uality control, scanning o' un&orn &a&ies and S/01R#
A louder sound.
1 wee!s
" wee!s
Why do doctors ultrasound to scan the and foetus not X rays are more use energetic and penetrating areand a lot more X rays which give a clearer picture? dangerous, they could cause damage to the growing baby.
&arth2s #tructure 2ou will need to .now how seismic waves can tell us a&out the Earth3s structure#
&lectromagnetic #pectrum
Although all e)m waves travel at the same speed, their wavelength 34 and frequency 354 can be different.
+he properties, dangers and uses of e)m waves depends on the wavelength 34.
&lectromagnetic #pectrum
Gate X of a phrase Usually Lets Inremember M ostorder? Radiation /an you thin! that would help you 7ow frequency this :igh frequency :ighfrequency frequency 7ow 7ong wavelength #hort wavelength :igh energy 0ost penetrating #hort wavelength wavelength 7ong :ighenergy energy 7ow 0ost penetrating 7east penetrating 7ow energy 7east penetrating
9amma
X rays
Ultra) 8iolet
7ight
1nfra) 6ed
0icro
6adio
&lectromagnetic #pectrum
6adiation 9amma X)rays Ultraviolet 7ight 1nfra red 0icrowaves 6adio waves
Uses
(angers
&0 6adiation$
9amma
Uses$
;ills harmful bacteria in food, sterilising surgical equipment, !illing cancer cells. :igh doses can !ill cells. 7ower doses can cause cells to become cancerous.
(angers$
&0 6adiation$
X rays
Uses$
#hadow pictures of luggage and inside the human body.
:ow do hospital wor!ers limit their e<posure to 9amma and X rays? :ospital wor!ers limit e<posure to 9amma and X rays by standing behind lead shields or by leaving the room when the radiations are being used.
(angers$
:igh doses can !ill cells. 7ower doses can cause cells to become cancerous.
X rays
:ow are X rays slides formed?
X rays can penetrate soft tissue but not b=====. X one rays are a======= bsorbed more by some materials than others. *======== hotographic f==== ilm is used to detect X rays.
&0 6adiation$
Ultraviolet
Uses$
#un beds, fluorescent lamps and security mar!ing.
Which type of radiation is the most dangerous? +he higher the frequency of the radiation, the more dangerous it is. #o gamma is more dangerous than X rays or ultraviolet.
:igh doses can !ill cells. 7ower doses can cause cells to become cancerous.
(angers$
+he dar!er the s!in, the more ultraviolet radiation is absorbed, the less can reach into deeper soft tissues.
&0 6adiation$
7ight
Uses$
#eeing and endoscopes
(angers$
>lindness
&0 6adiation$
1nfrared
Uses$
6emote controls %+8?8/6', radiant heaters, grills, optical fibre communication, night vision. #!in burns
(angers$
@ight vision All ob,ects above absolute -ero emit infrared radiation. +he hotter an ob,ect is, the more heat radiation it emits. #ome animals and cameras can detect infrared radiation and are able to build up a heat picture.
Which are the hottest?coolest parts of the image shown? light is hot
dar! is cold
&0 6adiation$
0icrowaves
Uses$
#atellite communication, mobile phone networ!s, coo!ing, 6A(A6.
(angers$
1nternal tissue heating.
0icrowaves
:ow do microwaves coo! foods? 0icrowaves can be used in c===== oo!ing because many foods ater molecules. contain w==== 0icrowaves of the right avelength are able to ma!e w======== the water molecules r=======. esonate +his causes the food to get h====. otter
6adio waves
&0 6adiation$
6adio waves
Uses$
/ommunication and astronomy.
(angers$
6adio waves
:ow do radio signals from the U; reach around the globe?
+he longer wavelength radio waves from a transmitter reflect off the &arth2s outer atmosphere %ionosphere'.
9etting hotter
1f electromagnetic radiation is incident upon a material what effects could it have? An alternating current could be induced in the material, with the same frequency as the incident radiation. +he temperature of the material could increase.
A ship releases an echo sounding and A seconds later receives a signal from the seabed, how deep is the sea? (speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s)
A. B
>. CDEm /. DE m (. C m
Which of the following is not a use of ultrasound? A. *renatal scanning >. Fuality control in industry /. /leaning delicate machinery (. /oo!ing food
&0 Fuestions
1' 0atch up the following parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with their uses $
9amma rays 6adio waves Ultra 8iolet 8isible 0icrowaves X rays 1nfra 6ed
Allow us to see 6emote /ontrols G#ee2 bro!en bones /arry +8 signals 6A(A6 #terilise equipment /auses sun)tans
&0 Fuestions
"' Which radiations are missing from below?
9amma
Ultraviolet
7ight
1nfrared
>
6adio waves