PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE SECTOR

PRESENTED BY USMAN ASIF

PRESENTED TO DR YOUNUS QADRI

INTRODUCTION

The total area of Pakistan is approximately 80 million hectares out of which about 58 million hectares have been surveyed so far. The area under cultivation is 22 million hectares (38%) out of which nearly 19 million hectares is irrigated; the rest is rain fed. The area under forest is 4 million hectares (7%) and the balance surveyed area 8 million hectares can be classified as the cultivable waste.

CONTRIBUTION OF AGICULTURE SECTOR

1. 2.

3. 4.

Agriculture sector of Pakistan comprises four sectors - livestock, crop, forest and fisheries Livestock contributes (56%) Agriculture production while crop sector adds (38%) to it out of which the contribution of major crops is (25%) and minor crops is (13%) Fisheries contributes (2%) Forest contributes (2%)

BACKGROUND

Historical Evolution 1950s (Pre Green Revolution Era) Historical Evolution 1960s (Green Revolution Era) Historical Background 1970s (Green Revolution 2) Historical Background 1980s (Rural Transformation) Historical Background 1990s (Post Green Revolution Consolidation) Historical Background 2000/10s (Gene Revolution)

Historical Evolution 1950s (Pre Green Revolution Era)

During the 1950s, agriculture growth was sluggish due to less area under cultivation and low productivity 11.6 M HA in 1948 to 15.3 M HA by 1960 Development of lands (particularly in the new barrage areas) had huge impact on production

*M= Million *HA= Hector

Historical Evolution 1960s (Green Revolution Era)

During the1960 emphasis shifted towards vertical expansion - increase in yields through genetic breakthroughs in major crops (wheat, rice, cotton) Rapid increase in tube wells contributed to more than a million ha cropped area in Punjab alone (100% increase in cropping intensity) Agricultural sector grew at 3.8% with the production of all crops grew around 4.8% per year

Historical Background 1970s (Green Revolution 2)

Varieties evolved during the 1960s were adopted widely by farmers in the 1970s. There was a use of inputs (seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides), controlled water, and access to subsidized electricity and credit on a large scale. services in small towns closer to farmers doorsteps.

Historical Background 1980s (Rural Transformation)

food crises forced the policy makers to formulate comprehensive food security policy and realisation of rural transformation as a necessary precondition for economic growth. Induction of local bodies resulted in improvement of rural infrastructure.

Historical Background 1990s (Post Green Revolution Consolidation)

Better crop management and extension services played a major role in increasing the agricultural production. Input use efficiency and greater integration with the world markets are the prime reasons for boosting growth in agriculture sector. Fertilizer use and adoption of HYVs and the use of mechanical farm power exhibited rising trends

Historical Background 2000/10s (Gene Revolution)

Food crises of 2007 reemphasized the crucial importance of agriculture as an engine of growth, price stabilizer and vehicle for poverty alleviation. Introduction of Biotechnology by the private sector started the Gene Revolution in the country. Commercial farming started at large scale by enterprising farmers and business houses which boosted tunnel farming and farm mechanization. Environmental consideration, looming threat of climate change and water scarcity has forced the policy makers to go for inputs use efficiency and resource management.

CROP SECTOR PERFORMANCE

Where we stand Now-Time Series

Wheat - From 4 MT in 1950s to 6MT in 1960s to 23 MT in 2010 Rice - From less than 1MT to 2 Mt in 1960s to more than 6.9 MT in 2010 Maize - from 0.5MT in 1950s to 1MT in 1960s to 3.3 MT in 2010 Cotton - From 0.8 MT in 1950s to 2 MT in 1960s to 12.9 MT 2010 Sugarcane - From 6MT in 1950s to 14MT in 1960s to 49.3 MT in 2010 MT = Million Tonnes

CAUSES OF OUR BACKWARDNESS IN AGRICULTURE

Lack of Education Lack of Capital Following the Old Traditions Scarcity of Water Lack of Credit Facilities Lack of Organized Marketing Pests and Crop Diseases Poor Means of Transportation

Solutions for Agricultural Problems In Pakistan

Feudalism should be abolished Agricultural policy Agricultural zones Corporate farming Latest machinery

CONCLUSION

Areas needing attention in the long term are agricultural education, rural governance, adapting to climate change threats and introducing modern forms of production relations Reducing production/post production losses, credit availability and bringing more areas under cultivation