Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Business

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Define culture and list its components Discuss attitudes toward time, work, and cultural change Describe the roles of religion and communication in a society Discuss how physical environment affects culture Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures
Prentice International Chapter 2 - 2

What Is Culture?
Set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people

#thnocentricity

Cultural literacy
etailed !nowledge of a culture that enables a person to function effectively within it

Belief that one$s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others

"

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Culture %atters& Creating a 'lobal %indset

Cultural Adaptability

Bridging the Gap

Building Global Mentality

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Approach with Caution

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(ations and Culture

(ational culture
Nation states build museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people

Subculture
Group of people that share a uni!ue way of life within a larger culture "language, race, lifestyle, attitudes, etc#$ Prentice International Chapter 2 - 5

Co)ponents of Culture
Physical environments Education Personal communication Religion Prentice International Chapter 2 - 6 Aesthetics Values & attitudes Manners & customs Social structure

Culture

*esthetics
Music Painting Dance Drama Architecture
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+alues and *ttitudes

%alues
(he )deas, beliefs, and customs to which people are emotionally attached

Attitudes
&ositive or negative evaluations, feelings, and tendencies people hold toward ob'ects or concepts

Freedom Responsibility Honesty

Time or! "ultural change

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%anners and Custo)s

Manners
Appropriate behavior, speech, and dressing in general

Customs
(raditional ways or behavior in specific circumstances

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Social Structure
*ocial structure
Cultures groups, institutions, social positions, and resource distribution

*ocial stratification
Process of ranking people into social layers

*ocial mobility
Ease of moving up or down a culture's "social ladder"

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World ,eligions
Christianity )slam +induism Buddhism Confucianism ,udaism *hinto Prentice International Chapter 2 -

#rigin o$ Human Values

-anguage Blunders
%apanese !ni$e manu$acturer labeled its e&ports to the 'nited States (ith )"aution* +lade e&tremely sharp, -eep out o$ children./ English sign in a Mosco( hotel read0 )1ou are (elcome to visit the cemetery (here $amous Russians are buried daily0 e&cept Thursday./ Sign $or non2%apanese2spea!ing guests in a To!yo hotel read0 )1ou are respect$ully re3uested to ta!e advantage o$ the chambermaids./ Sign in English at "openhagen tic!et o$$ice read0 ) e ta!e your bags and send them in all directions./ +rani$$ Airlines4 English2language slogan )Fly in 5eather/ (as translated into )Fly 6a!ed/ in Spanish.

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%i.ed Signals
-.kay-)t/s a secret-

/Cra0y/

/%ulgar gesture/ Prentice

-%ery nosey-

/%ery clever/ Chapter 2 -

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#ducation
Cultures pass on traditions, customs, and values through schooling, parenting, group memberships, etc#

1ducation level
Well educated attract !ig! paying "obs, w!ile poorly educated attract low paying manufacturing "obs

Brain drain
#eparture of !ig!ly educated people from one profession, geograp!ic region, or nation to anot!er

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Proble) of Illiteracy

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Physical Physical and and %aterial %aterial Culture Culture

These in$luence a culture4s development and pace o$ change 0opography Physical features characterizing the surface of a geographic region Cli)ate Weather conditions of a geographic region %aterial Culture Technology used to manufacture goods and provide services Prentice International Chapter 2 -

1luc!hohn-Strodtbec! 2ra)ewor!
2elation to nature Material or spiritual

(ime orientation

2esponsibility to others

(rust and control Prentice International

%iew of personal space Chapter 2 -

3ofstede 2ra)ewor!

Individualis) Individualis) vs4 vs4 collectivis) collectivis) 5ncertainty 5ncertainty avoidance avoidance
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Power Power distance distance *chieve)ent *chieve)ent vs4 vs4 nurturing nurturing
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Power istance 6 Individualis) vs4 Collectivis)

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Power

istance 6 5ncertainty *voidance

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Chapter ,eview
Define culture and list its components Discuss attitudes toward time, work, and cultural change Describe the roles of religion and communication in a society Discuss how physical environment affects culture Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures
Prentice International Chapter 2 -