Biosorption of Copper and Lead in Aqueous Solution Using Cockle Shells

Name: Syazwan Bin Omar Matric no:Ke10022

Title
Biosorption of copper and lead in aqueous solutions by cockle shells

Objective
Study the effects of different operating parameters of Cu and Pb from aqueous solution by using cockle shells

Literature review
Study from K. Chojnacka (2005) found that eggshell can be used as biosorbent for removing heavy metals from water.

Introduction
What is biosorption?

Why choose copper and plumbum to be removed? What is sorbent that have in the cockle shells?

Problem statement
Environmental issue

Alternative way of adsorption

Cost of treatment

Determine parameter of biosorption of CaCO3 in cockle shells

Determine Langmuir constant coeffient for adsorbent,kd

Scope

Determine the equilibrium adsorption of CaCO3.

determine the effectiveness of CaCO3 in biosorption process

Methodology
1. Chemicals preparation Prepare and make dilution of:Lead nitrate(Pb(NO3)2) Copper sulfate (CuSO4)

0.01 NaOH

0.01 HCl

2. Preparation of biosorbent
Cockle shells will be obtained from local market cockles will be crushed using pestle and mortar and grounded using grinder until they turned into powder form powder from the shells was then sieved in the sieve shaker

cockles will be washed and scrubbed in tap water to remove dirt

Washed cockle and dried in oven at 50oC

Cockles will be boiled for 5 min and cooled at room temperature

the contents of the cockles leaving behind the shells will be removed

3. Batch Absorption Experiments

3.1 . Effect on initial Cu and Pb concentration:

Concentration (Pb(NO3)2 and (CuSO4) will be set up to (5, 10, 20, 40, 100 mg/L)

Add 1g of sorbent in 40ml of each solution and maintain at pH 5

Put into thermal shaker at 25C and 120 rpm

After 24 hours,filter the sample and measured metals concentration in supernatant with AAS

3.2 Effect of pH on Cu(II) and Pb(II) adsorption:

0.01 M HCl or 0.01M NaOH will be used to measure the pH effect(5,6,7,8) on the sorption 1.0g of sorbent(CaCO3) Set up metal solution to 60 mg/mL and mix with the sorbent. Leave mixed solutions in thermal shaker 25C and 120 rpm. After 24 hours, filter the sample and measured metals concentration in supernatant with AAS.

3.3 Effect of Biosorbent Dosage on adsorption.

dosages that will be used from cockles are 1g, 2g, 3g and 4g for each 60 mg/mL

Leave mixed solutions in thermal shaker 25C and 120 rpm.

After 24 hours, filter the sample and measured metals concentration in supernatant with AAS.

Expected results
Finding from M.Ahmad et al. (2012) the percentage of metal adsorbed was influenced by surface loading. Study from Y.Du et. al.(2010) that showed the adsorbent dosage influence the absorption of Pb. Finding from M.Ahmad et al. (2012) also stated that adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ is pH dependent .

Reference from M.Ahmad et al. (2012), the amount and percentage of metal adsorption (Ads) and the distribution coefficient (Kd) for each added metal concentration

References
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Yang Du, Fei Lian, Lingyan Zhu,(2010), Biosorption of divalent Pb, Cd and Zn on aragonite and calcite mollusk shells, Environmental Pollution 159 (2011) :1763 -1768.
Katarzyna Chojnacka,(2005), Biosorption of Cr(III) ions by eggshells Journal of Hazardous Materials B121 ,(2005) :pp 167173.

Soon Yeong Jeong,Jung Min Lee,(1997),Removal of Heavy Metal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption by Magadiite,Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1998,vol 19,No 2.
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N.A. Rashidi, M. Mohamed and S.Yusup,(2011), A Study of Calcination and Carbonation of Cockle Shell, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 60 : 2011.