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outcomes
By the end of this lecture, the student will be able to understand the pathology of gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity
Benign Neoplasms:
PAPILLOMA:
Squamous papilloma is a benign, exophytic epithelial neoplasm composed of branching fronds of squamous epithelium with fibrovascular cores.
3.
4.
ulcer covered by a fibrinopurulent exudate and inflammatory infiltrate. Tuberculous ulcer: an ulcer with undermined edges and caseous floor. It most commonly develops at the tip of the tongue. Coughed sputum containing bacilli leads to infection of the tongue Malignant ulcer: the ulcer edges are raised and everted, the floor of ulcer is rough, necrotic and the base of the ulcer is indurated.
Salivary Glands
ENLARGEMENT:
Unilateral enlargement of major salivary glands is usually caused by cysts, stones, inflammation, or neoplasms.
Bilateral enlargement is due to inflammation (mumps, Sjgren syndrome), granulomatous disease (Saroidosis), or diffuse neoplastic involvement (leukemia or malignant lymphoma).
SIALOLITHIASIS:
Stones occur in salivary gland ducts, mostly in the sub-mandibular gland. The most important consequence of stone formation is duct obstruction, often followed by inflammation distal to the occlusion.
MUMPS
Acute viral parotitis. Mainly affecting children, rare in adults
Eitiology: Mumps virus, transimitted by droplet infection. Incubation period: 2-4 weeks
A- Pleomorphic Adenoma
(Mixed Tumor)
Pathology: Pleomorphic adenoma is a slowly growing, painless, movable, firm mass that has a smooth surface.
Microscopically: the tumors show epithelial tissue intermingled with myxoid or chondroid areas, reflecting a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma:
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland tumor composed of a mixture of neoplastic epidermoid cells, mucus-secreting cells, and epithelial cells of an intermediate type. Grossly: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma grows presents as a firm painless mass.
slowly
and
Microscopically: Tumors form irregular solid, duct-like and cystic spaces, which include squamous cells, mucussecreting cells, and intermediate cells.
Pathology:
The tumor cells are small, have scant cytoplasm, and grow in solid sheets or as small groups, strands, or columns. Within these structures, the tumor cells interconnect to enclose cystic spaces, resulting in a solid, tubular or cribriform (sieve-like) arrangement.
ESOPHAGUS
Congenital disorders:
Tracheosophageal fistula: congenital connection between the esophagus and trachea Esophageal webs: web-like protrusions of the esophageal mucosa into the lumen
Achalasia: failure of the lower esophageal spincter (LES) to relax with swallowing
Esophageal varices:
Diltated submucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus, usually secondry to portal hypertension. Cause: liver cirrhosis Clinically: massive hematemesis when ruptured Complication: potentially fatal hemorrhage
Esophagitis
Gasteroesophageal reflux disease (reflux esophagitis) Esophageal irritation and inflammation due to reflux of gastric secretion into the esophagus.
Clinically: heart burn and regurgitation Complications:
Bleeding Stricture Barrette esophagus
ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA
Risk factors:
Clinical presentation:
At the beginning it may be asymptomatic Then progressive dysphagia Weight loss & anorexia Bleeding
Arise in the distal part of the esophagus Associated with Barrett esophagus (Metaplasia of the squamous esophageal mucosa to columnar type because of chronic exposure to gastric secretions)
Questions:
Complete: 1-Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma is 2- Clinical presentation of scc is.. 3- Bilateral enlargement is due to.. 4- Adenoid cystic carcinoma is .with a tendency to.
Assignments
Causes of Epistaxis
Thank You