TQM

Occupational Hazards &

Safety
OH&S
 OH&S AN INTRODUCTION
• Occupational safety and health is a cross-
disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in
work or employment.
• The goal of all occupational safety and health
programs is to foster a safe work environment.
• As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-
workers, family members, employers, customers,
suppliers, nearby communities, and other
members of the public who are impacted by the
workplace environment.
• It may involve interactions among many subject
areas, including occupational medicine,
occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public
health, safety engineering, chemistry, health
physics, ergonomics, toxicology, epidemiology,
ILO/WHO DEFINITION
OH&S ACT
Initiatives by DGFASLI
(Xth Five Year Plan )
 Legislations
• Statutes for safety at workplaces 
• Statutes for safety of substances
• Statutes for safety of activities
At present, safety and health
statutes for regulating OH&S of
persons at work exist only in four
sectors:-
Mining 
Factories
 The major legislations relating to Occupational
The Factories Act,1948
• It regulates health, safety, welfare and other working conditions of
workers in factories.
• The Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes
(DGFASLI) co-ordinates matters concerning safety, health and
welfare of workers in the factories with the State Governments.
Mines Act, 1952
• It contains provisions for measures relating to the health, safety and
welfare of workers in the coal Mines.
• It prescribes the number of working hours in mines, the minimum
wage rates, and related matters.
• Courts of Inquiry are set up by the Central Government to
investigate into the accidents, which result in the death of 10 or
above miners.
Dock Workers (Safety, Health & Welfare) Act, 1986
 OTHER ACTS …
• Plantation Labour Act, 1951 
• Explosives Act, 1884
• Petroleum Act, 1934
• Insecticide Act, 1968
• Indian Electricity Act, 1910
• Indian Boilers Act, 1923
• Indian Atomic Energy Act, 1962
• Building and Other Construction Workers
(Regulation of Employment and Conditions
of Service) Act, 1996
• Beedi and Cigar Workers' (Conditions of
Employment) Act, 1966 .
 National Safety Council of India (NSCI)
• The NSCI was set up to promote safety
consciousness among workers to prevent
accidents, minimize dangers and mitigate
human suffering, arrange programmes, lectures
and conferences on safety, conduct educational
campaigns to arouse consciousness among
employers and workers and collect educational
and information data, etc. It has launched new
initiatives in three sectors:-
• Road Transportation Safety
 
• Safety of Health in Construction Sector
 
• Safety, Health and Environment in Small and
 Common workplace hazard groups
Mechanical hazards 
• By type of agent:
Impact force
Collisions
Falls from height
Struck by objects
Confined space
Slips and trips
Falling on a pointed object
Compressed air/high pressure fluids (such as cutting
fluid)
Entanglement
Equipment-related injury
 
Common workplace hazard groups
Common workplace hazard groups
Common workplace hazard groups
 Common workplace hazard groups
Psychosocial issues include:
• Work-related stress, whose causal factors
include excessive working time and overwork
• Violence from outside the organisation
• Bullying, which may include emotional, verbal,
and sexual harassment
• Mobbing
• Burnout
• Musculoskeletal disorders, avoided by the
employment of good ergonomic design
• Fire prevention (fire protection/fire safety) often
comes within the remit of health and safety
professionals as well.
 OHSAS 18001- ISO 9001:2000 (Quality)
and ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental)
• Organizations of all kinds are increasingly concerned
with achieving and demonstrating sound occupational
health and safety (OH&S) performance by controlling
their OH&S risks, consistent with their OH&S policy
and objectives.
• OH&S “reviews” or “audits” to assess their OH&S
performance.
• To be effective, they need to be conducted within a
structured management system that is integrated
within the organization.
• The OHSAS Standards covering OH&S management
are intended to provide organizations with the
elements of an effective OH&S management system
OH&S management system model for this
OHSAS Standard
 PDCA
This OHSAS Standard is based on the methodology
known as
Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA). PDCA can be briefly
described as follows.
• Plan: establish the objectives and processes
necessary to deliver results in accordance with the
organization’s OH&S policy.
• Do: implement the processes.
• Check: monitor and measure processes against
OH&S policy,
objectives, legal and other requirements, and report
the results.
• Act: take actions to continually improve OH&S
performance.Many organizations manage their
operations via the application of a system of processes
 OH&S policy
Top management shall define and authorize the organization’s OH&S
policy and ensure that within the defined scope of its OH&S
management system it:
a) is appropriate to the nature and scale of the organization’s OH&S
risks;
b) includes a commitment to prevention of injury and ill health and
continual improvement in OH&S management and OH&S
performance;
c) includes a commitment to at least comply with applicable legal
requirements and with other requirements to which the
organization subscribes that relate to its OH&S hazards;
d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing OH&S objectives;
e) is documented, implemented and maintained;
f) is communicated to all persons working under the control of the
organization with the intent that they are made aware of their
individual OH&S obligations;
OH&S IN WORKPLACE AN EXAMPLE

• AIS(ASAHI INDIA LTD)

THANK YOU