Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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Diversity
Surface-level diversity
Deep-level diversity
Diversity Management
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Biographical Characteristics
Objective and easily obtained personal characteristics. Age
Older workers bring experience, judgment, a strong work ethic, and commitment to quality.
Gender
Few differences between men and women that affect job performance.
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Tenure
People with job tenure (seniority at a job) are more productive, absent less frequently, have lower turnover, and are more satisfied.
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Sexual Orientation
In June 2009, the High Court of Delhi, in a landmark judgment, decriminalized homosexual sex between consenting adults, overturning a 149-year-old British colonial law Domestic partner benefits are an important consideration.
Gender Identity
Relatively new issue transgendered employees.
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Ability
An individuals capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Intellectual and Physical Abilities
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Ability
Made up of two sets of factors:
Intellectual Abilities
The abilities needed to perform mental activities. General Mental Ability (GMA) is a measure of overall intelligence. No correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.
Physical Abilities
The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
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Memory
Verbal Comprehension
Spatial Visualization
Intellectual Ability
Perceptual Speed
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
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Flexibility Factors
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Role of Disabilities
When focusing on ability, it can create problems when attempting to develop workplace policies that recognize diversity in terms of disabilities. It is important to recognize diversity and strive for it in the hiring process. An organization needs to be careful to avoid discriminatory practices by making generalizations about people with disabilities.
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Global Implications
Biographical Characteristics
Not much evidence on the global relevance of the relationships described in this chapter. Countries do vary dramatically on their biographical composition.
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Diversity Management
Diversity management is important across the globe. However, different cultures will use different frameworks for handling diversity.
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Biographical Characteristics
Should not be used in management decisions: possible source of bias.
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Learning
Key Concepts Reinforcement is required to change behavior. Some rewards are more effective than others. The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence.
Schedules of Reinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed-ratio
Behavior Modification
Problem-solving Model Identify critical behaviors Develop baseline data Identify behavioral consequences Apply intervention Evaluate performance improvement
Employee Discipline
The use of punishment can be counter-productive.
Self-management
Reduces the need for external management control.