TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

INTRODUCTION
Today's multicultural environment nurses
will come in contact with individual from many different cultures during their professional careers. They will find themselves in patient care situation that requires an understanding of the patients cultural belief if they are to effectively participate in planning and providing culturally competent care.

DEFINITION
Trans cultural nursing has developed in to
a specialty, that focuses on the comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures. LEININGER

 Transculture nursing is a humanistic and

scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing, which is focused upon differences and similarities among cultures with respect of human care, health and illness based on the peoples culture, belief and practice and use of this knowledge to provide cultural specificity.

CULTURES

Refers to the norms and practice of a particular group that are learned and shared and guide thinking, decision and actions.

CULTURAL VALUES
The individuals desirable or preferred way
of acting or knowing something that is sustained over a period of time and which governs actions or decision

ETHOCENTRISM
The perception that ones own way is best
when viewing the world, our perspective is the standard by which all other perspective are measured and held to scruting.

ETHINC

Relates to large group of people classified according to common traits and customs.

RACE ETHNOGRAPHY
The study of culture

STEPS
Culture awareness Cultural Knowledge Cultural Skills

CULTURAL AWARENESS

Identify cultural values and beliefs Examine the cultural differences

CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE General information Cultural Phenomena Research studies News paper article and novels

CULTURAL SKILLS
Alert for unexpected responses Aware of cultural differences Assessment skill Interact with dominant cultural groups Visit cultural events Visit markets and restaurant

FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
It provide integrative value and beliefs. Integration and communication among
group members.

DOMAIN OF THE CULTURE

Ethnic Identity
Country of origin, ethnic
identity, reason for migration, degree of acculturation/ assimilation and levels of cultural pride

Communication

Dominant language,

willingness to share thoughts, meaning of touch, use of eye contact

 Time and space Social Organization

Past, present, or

future orientation, personal space.

Family structure,

Work force issues

gender roles, status/ role of elderly, extended family, descion making networks Impact of Illness and work, importance of work

 Health beliefs,
practices and practioner

Cause of cancer,

Nutrition Biologic variation

living with life threatening illness, expectations from western medicine and practices. Meaning of food, preference and preparation of food.

Skin/ mucous

membrane colors, genetic variations, specific risk factors

 Sexuality and

reproductive fears

Beliefs about sexuality

and reproduction, privacy issues

Religion and
spirituality

Dominant religion,

belief, rituals, prayers and meditation

Death and Dying

Meaning of death

and after life, rituals, expectations

HELTH CARE
Beliefs Standardize definition of health and
wellness. The omnipotence of technology Practice Maintenance of health Diagnostic procedures

 Habits Charting Use of systematic approach Likes Promptness Neatness and organization Compliance

 Dislikes Disorderliness and disorganization Customs Hand washing Peeking order found in autocratic and
bureaucratic system Procedure attending birth and death

 Rituals Physical examination Surgical procedure Limiting visitors and visiting hours

CHARACTERISTICS
Culture is learned Culture is taught Culture is social Culture is adaptive Culture is satisfying Culture is difficult to articulate Culture exists at many levels

LEININGERS SUNRISE MODEL

In this model the health and care is
influenced by elements of social structure such as technology, religious and philosophical factors, kinship and social system, cultural values, political and legal factors, economic factors and educational factors.

ASSESMENT
Communication Space Social organization Time Environment control Biological variation

EIGHT AREAS OF CULTURAL VARIATION [BOYLE AND ANDREWS]

History of origins of the patient culture Attitude about time, work, money, education,
beauty, strength and changes Interpersonal relationship Communication pattern Religion Social system Diet and food Health and belief system

CONCLUSION
Transcultural nursing is the nurses who
practice in the 21st century will be interacting with an increasingly multicultural American society. Culturally competent care in its broadest sense is knowing, explaining, interpretation and predicting nursing care with in the knowledge of the clients cultural and ethinic beliefs and practices, whether the client is well or sick.