1

Ch9 AC to AC Converters
Classification
AC voltage controllers
AC power controllers

2
Classification of AC to AC Converters
3
Classification of AC Converters
4
Classification of Frequency Converters
Frequency converter (Cycloconverter):
1) Phase control: thyristor cycloconverter
(Delay angle control)
2) PWM control: matrix converter
(Chopping control)
5
AC voltage controllers
Single-phase AC voltage controller
Three-phase AC voltage controller
Applications:
Lighting control
Soft-start of asynchronous motors
Adjustable speed drive of asynchronous motors
Reactive power control
6
Single-phase AC voltage controller
1) Resistive load
Circuit configuration
7
R
O
u
1
u
o
i
o
VT
1
VT
2
u
1
u
o
i
o
u
VT
et
O et
O et
O et
R
O
u
1
u
o
i
o
VT
1
VT
2
u
1
u
o
i
o
u
VT
et
O et
O et
O et
0 , 0 ,
conducts
2 1 1 0
1
= = =
=
VT VT
u u u u
VT t As o e
blocks naturally VT i t As
VT
0
1 1
= =t e
1 2 1 1 0
2 1
, , 0

u u u u u
block all VT and VT t As
VT VT
= = =
+ < < o t e t
0 , 0 ,

2 1 1 0
2
= = =
+ =
VT VT
u u u u
conducts VT t As o t e
blocks naturally VT i t As
VT
0 2
2 2
= = t e
1 2 1 1 0
2 1
, , 0
2 2
u u u u u
block all VT and VT t As
VT VT
= = =
+ < < o t e t
fundamental analysis:
8
The phase shift range
(operation range of phase delay angle):
t o s s 0
9
Quantitative analysis:
2
1 1
1 1
( 2 sin ) ( ) sin 2
2
o
U U t d t U
t
o
t o
e e o
t t t

= = +
}
RMS value of output voltage
RMS value of output current
o
o
U
I
R
=
RMS value of thyristor current
2
1 1
2 sin 1 1 sin 2
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
T
U t U
I d t
R R
t
o
e t o o
e
t t t

= = +
}
Power factor of the circuit
1 1 1
1
sin2
2
o o o
U I U P
S U I U
t o
o
t t

= = = = +
10
2) Inductive load
VT
1
arctan( / ) L R e =


state. stable in wave sine a is current
load the circuit, short in is thristor If
11
o t s s
sin( ) sin( )
tg
e
u

o u o

+ =

analysis









The phase shift range:

o >
12
t
et
et
et
et
4-5
o
o+t
o
u O
O
O
O
u
1
i
G1
i
G2
i
o

i
T1
i
T2
13
a) the star type joins b) triangle junction of the line control
c) triangle junction of leg control d) triangle junction of center point control
Three phase AC voltage controller:
14
For a time instant, there are 2 possible conduction states:
----Each phase has a thyristor conducting. Load voltage are the
same as the source voltages.
----There are only 2 thyristors conducting, each from a phase. The
load voltages of the two conducting phases are half of the
corresponding line to line voltage, while the load voltage of the other
phase is 0.
Star type joint electric circuit:
three-phase three-line
three-phase four-line
15
1). Use double pulse or the wide pulse.

2). trigger pulses of VT1~ VT6 is in turn 60

3). The range of a :0~150
16
3-phase 3-wire Y connection AC voltage controller
Resistive Load,
17
18
19
3-phase 3-wire branch-controlled triangle
connection AC voltage controller
The operation principle is the same as 3 independent
single-phase AC voltage controllers.
Application----Thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR)
To control the effective current flowing through the
reactor by controlling delay angle, therefore control the
reactive power absorbed by the reactor.
20
three-phase four-line:

Three-phase staggers 120 mutually. The
fundamental wave and harmonics which is
more than 3 times flow in three-phase circuit.
Basic Principles:

The zero curve has large 3 times harmonics.
When a=90,electric current of the zero
curve even approaches effective value of
phase currents.
Shortcoming:
n
n '

a
b
c
u
a

u
b

u
c

i
a
U
ao

VT1
VT3
T
VT4
T
VT5
T
VT6
T
VT2
T
21
AC power controllers
Circuit topologies are the same as AC voltage controllers.
Only the control method is different.
Load voltage and current are both sinusoidal when
thyristors are conducting.
22
Thyristor cycloconverter
23
Single-phase thyristor-cycloconverter:
24
Working process:
1).When P group works, id is a positive value.
2).When N group works , id is a negative value.
3).Two groups work according to the certain frequency, the load can
obtain AC current of this frequency.
changing frequencies of two groups in order to change the output frequency.
changing triggering angle a in order to change peak-to-peak value of
the output voltage.
4) To carry on the sine rule to modulate the angle for enabling ud profile
to approach the sine wave.
25
simulation model
26
single-phase cycloconverter