UMTS

EPL657 parts from www.mobinet.gr

Intro to UMTS

3G systems aim at continuing the already successful course of 2G mobile telephony As 3G are characterized all standards that are under the IMT-2000 umbrella, with most well known the UMTS (W-CDMA) standard The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is an effort to integrate most of the present telecommunication networks, including both terrestrial networks and satellite constellations

UMTS / 3G History and Future Milestones (1/2)

The Digital Cellular Age

February 1995 UMTS Task Force established; "The Road to UMTS" report. December 1996 The UMTS Forum established. "European" WCDMA standard known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). June 1997 UMTS Forum produces first report: "A regulatory Framework for UMTS". October 1997 ERC decided on UMTS core band. January 1998 ETSI meeting: W-CDMA and TD-CDMA proposals combined to UMTS air interface specification. June 1998 Terrestrial air interface proposals (UTRAN, WCDMA(s), CDMA2000(s), EDGE, EP-DECT, TD-SCDMA) were handed into ITU-R December 1999 in Nice ETSI Standardisation finished for UMTS Release 1999 specifications both for FDD and TDD (spec version 3.y.z). March 2001 in Palm Springs 3GPP approves UMTS Release 4 specification
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UMTS / 3G History and Future Milestones (2/2)

The High Speed Cellular Age

October 1, 2001 NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial WCDMA 3G mobile network. December 1, 2001 Telenor launched in Norway the first commercial UMTS network. UMTS terminals were expectedto be available 3Q 2002. February 18, 2002 Motorola unveils the companys first GSM/GPRS and 3G/UMTS product, the A820. Motorola is "introduce a dual-mode enabled UMTS mobile phone March 2002 (Freeze date) UMTS Release 5 (the initial target date was December 2001) September 25, 2002 Mobilkom Austria launches "Europe's First UMTS-Network September 26, 2002 Nokia introduces the "worlds first handset [6650] for WCDMA [UMTS] and GSM networks". October 3, 2002 Nokia and Vodafone "first VoIP call in 3GPP release 4 compliant network that transports circuit-switched voice and data calls through an IP backbone". end 2003/early in 2004 target date for UMTS Release 6
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Why Choose UMTS?

Main reasons contributing to the success of WCDMA

Superior voice and data service offering Smooth evolution from GSM to WCDMA Open standardization process, global standard Global markets and economies of scale Largest developer base Service portability and roaming

UMTS Revenue Growth

The UMTS Forum has predicted that mobile operators will earn a total of more than 1 trillion in customer revenues during the decade after full commercial launch Building on the enormous success of SMS, MMS has so far attracted over 1 million subscribers in Europe alone

UMTS Characteristics (1/3)

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System:

exhibits all of GSM Phase 2+ systems advantages:

wide-area geographical coverage simplified access to packet data networks support of QoS mechanisms volume-based pricing scheme always on connectivity
Data Rates of UMTS Satellite and rural outdoor Urban outdoor Indoor and low range outdoor 144 kbps 384 kbps 2 Mbps

will deliver broadband data rates up to 2 Mbps

will provide global mobile seamless personalized multimedia communications

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UMTS Characteristics (2/3)

UMTS FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)

Uplink: 1920 - 1975 MHz Downlink: 2110 - 2165 MHz 190 MHz duplex distance 5MHz (variable) carrier spacing 12 bands in Uplink & Downlink
12 Uplink Bands 12 Downlink Bands

190 MHz

5 MHz Frequency

UMTS Characteristics (3/3)

UMTS TDD (Time Division Duplex) Uplink & Downlink: 1900 - 1920 MHz and 2020 - 2025 MHz 5 carriers in total, 15 timeslots per frame a user may use 5 Bands used for both one or several Uplink and Downlink timeslots a timeslot can be assigned to either Uplink Frequency 5 MHz or Downlink

Cell Breathing

A MS on the cell edge is transmitting with max power Another MS becomes active Increased interference the received signal from the MS on the cell edge is too weak! Effective cell size decreases with increasing number of users There is a trade-off between capacity and coverage Cell size depends on both maximum Tx power and number of active users (in the same and other cells) which results in cell breathing
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WCDMA (1/4)

Key Features

Soft Handoff-diversity gain Multipath reception - diversity gain by using RAKE receivers Power Control - solves the near-far problem Frequency reuse of 1 Soft capacity

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WCDMA (2/4)

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WCDMA (3/4)

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WCDMA (4/4)

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QoS
Traffic Class

Conversational Class Conversational RT

Preserve time relation of (variation) between information entities of the stream Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay)

Streaming Class Streaming RT

Preserve time relation of (variation) between information entities of the stream

Interactive Class Interactive best effort

Request response pattern Preserve payload content

Background Background best effort

Fundamental Characteristics

Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time Preserve payload content

Example of application

voice

streaming video

web browsing

background download of emails

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UMTS Network Architecture (1/2)

lu

lur
Node B RNC

Node B RNC

RNS RNS

UTRAN

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UMTS Network Architecture (3/3)

UTRAN is composed of several Radio Network Subsystems

Every Radio Network Subsystem is composed of a Radio Network Controller (RNC) and one or more Node Bs.

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UMTS Network Architecture

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UMTS Network Architecture (2/2)

UTRAN is composed of several Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs) connected to the Core Network through the lu interface. Every Radio Network Subsystem is composed of a

Radio Network Controller (RNC).

RNSs can be directly interconnected through the lur interface (interconnection of the RNCs). RNC is responsible for the local handover process and the combining/multicasting functions related to macro-diversity between different Node-Bs. RNC also handles radio resource management (RRM) operations. A Node-B may contain a single BTS or more than one (typically 3) controlled by a site controller.

one or more Node Bs.

Above entities are responsible for the radio resource control of the assigned cells
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UTRAN

Base Station

The main task of Base Station (BS) is to establish The physical implementation of the Uu interface (Communication with the UE) and The implementation of Iub interface (Communication with the RNC). Realization of the Uu interface means that the Base Station implements WCDMA radio access Physical Channels and transfer information from Transport Channels to the Physical Channels based on arrangements determined by the RNC The term Physical Channels means different kinds of bandwidth allocated for different purposes over Uu interface.
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UTRAN

RNC (Radio Network Controller)

The Radio Network Controller (RNC) is responsible for controlling and managing the multiple base stations (Node Bs) including the utilization of radio network resources.

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Core network

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)

The SGSN is mainly responsible for Mobility Management related issues like Routing Area update, location registration, packet paging and controlling and security mechanisms related to the packet communication
The GGSN node maintains the connections towards other packet switch networks such as the internet. The Session Management responsibility is also located on the GGSN.

GGSN

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Radio Resource Management (1/2)

Handles QoS provisioning over the wireless interface Controls cell capacity and interference in order to provide an optimal utilization of the wireless interface resources. Includes Algorithms for Power Control, Handover, Packet Scheduling, Call Admission Control and Load Control.

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Radio Resource Management (2/2)

Power Control

Ensures that transmission powers are kept at a minimum level and that there is adequate signal quality and level at the receiving end. Controls the UMTS packet access.

Packet Scheduling

Call Admission Control

Decides whether or not a call is allowed to generate traffic in the network.

Ensures system stability and that the network does not enter an overload state. guarantees user mobility communications network. in a mobile
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Load Control

Handover

Services

In shaping future mobile services, the following characteristics should be taken into consideration: mobility, interactivity, convenience, ubiquity, easy access, immediacy, personalization, multimedia Services for 3G will evolve within 3 different areas: Personal Communication Wireless Internet Mobile Media (e.g. music, sports, news services) Voice traffic will remain the primary business of 3G mobile networks
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Services

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Global Circulation of Terminals

The right to carry and use personal terminals, global circulation, is very important for many users. There are very few, if any, technical problems with the circulation of GSM terminals. The ITU has decided on a regulatory framework for global circulation. This should be the basis for national rules for 3G

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Possible Timeline for Transmission Technology Evolution

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The Future, as seen in 1998

The decision of the European Parliament and Council of Ministers dated 14 December 1998 requires that Member States take all necessary measures to allow the coordinated and progressive introduction of UMTS services by 1st January 2002 at the latest. The EU's suggestion is that operators must cover 80% of the national population by the year 2005.

2005 (original target) UMTS service will be world wide (?!!!).

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Current State

Original launch timescales (2002) specified by European governments and EC now under review Global economic downturn placed constraints on operators financial plans and limited access to new capital Lack of commercially available WCDMA terminals in volume has affected some operators marketing plans Full interoperability between networks, terminals and services not yet guaranteed (compare with early days of SMS and MMS)
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