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BACTERIOLOGY
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Introduction
Bacteria consist of only a single cell Bacteria fall into a category of life called the Prokaryotes There are thousands of species of bacteria, but all of them are basically one of three different shapes.
Classification of Bacteria
Until recently classification has done on the basis of such traits as:
shape
Classification of Bacteria
The Gram stain is named after the 19th century Danish bacteriologist who developed it.
The bacterial cells are first stained with a purple dye called crystal violet. Then the preparation is treated with alcohol or acetone. This washes the stain out of gram-negative cells. To see them now requires the use of a counterstain of a different color (e.g., the pink of safranin). Bacteria that are not decolorized by the alcohol/acetone wash are gram-positive
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar 8
Staphylococci
Staphylococcus was first identified in 1880 in Aberdeen, United Kingdom, by the surgeon Sir Alexander Ogston in pus from a surgical abscess in a knee joint.[1] This name was later appended to Staphylococcus aureus by Rosenbach Main types
Staph aureus coagulase positive Staph epidermidis, staph hemolyticus, staph saphrophyticus coagulase negative
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar 10
Morphology Growth characteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar 11
Staphylococci Morphology
Staphylococci stain dark purple with the gram stain. Staphylococci are arranged in grape like clusters Because they divide in three planes with daughter cells remaining in close proximity
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Growth characteristics
Grow on ordinary media like nutrient agar Temperature 10-42 degree Produce golden yellow pigment
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Coagulase test
Slide method or tube method In tube method we add culture of staphylococci and rabbit plasma Look for clot formation
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Resistance
Resistant to drying can remain in dried pus for 3-6 months resistant forms to penicillin have emerged
Produce penicillinase which inactivates penicillin Change surface receptors for penicillin Develop tolerance to penicillin bacteria inactivated, not killed
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Pathogenicity
Cell surface protein protein A antiphagocytic property Clumping factor surface protein responsible for slide coagulase test Produce enzyme coagulase Produce toxins
Hemolytic toxins (leucocidins) Enterotoxin causes food poisoning vomitting, diarrhoea etc Toxic shock syndrome toxin produces hypotension and rash Epidermolytic toxin causes STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME (ssss)
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar
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cellulitis
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boils
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boils
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Lab diagnosis
Specimen to be collected
Skin pus Respiratory inf sputum Food poisoning stool For detection of carriers nasal swab
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Culture
Nutrient agar/blood agar
Colonies with golden yellow pigment
Coagulase test
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Treatment
Penicillin In resistant cases cloxacillin For MRSA - vancomycin
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THANK YOU
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