TI MCU CONTEST 2013

EMBEDDED HARDWARE DESIGN

Reported By: Duong Huynh Bao Mail : duonghuynhbaocr@gmail.com Date : 10/08/2013

TI MCU Contest 2013

1 2 3 4 5
Powering an Embedded System Noise and Restrictive Methods

Designing PCB and Soldering MCU and Adding Peripherals Some sensors and Modules

1.Powering an Embedded System

Low Power Design: Software (MCU sleep when no task) or Cortex M0,and low power periphrals. Usually,RISC MCU ( MSP430,ARM,PIC,AVR) have lowpower comsumption than CISC MCU(68HC ...)

TI MCU Contest 2013

Hardware : using lowpower MCU like MSP430

Some lowpower devices need verry little current

can be powered dirrectly by IO of MCU

TI MCU Contest 2013

1.Powering an Embedded System

Choosing Batteries :Can supply enough current at the right voltage:

Average current consumption of board

Peak current consumption of board Current supply in one hour(ex 2200mAh..) Using with Switching regulator

Some Battery charge IC

MCP73832T/ LTC4054ES5-4.2/ TP4056-42

1.Powering an Embedded System

Regulator : The greater Quiescent current the more power
(and therefore heat) dissipate on regulator

TI MCU Contest 2013

Switching Regulator Larger,complex,use many components waste less power than linear IC more efficient, and less heating Generate far more noise than Linear buck-stepdown and boost-step up

Linear Regulator Small,cheap,easy to use The difference voltage between In and out drop on IC waste power/ heat IC low efficient Low noise Vout<Vin

1.Powering an Embedded System

Regulator

TI MCU Contest 2013

Switching Regulator LM2576/LM2596

Linear Regulator AMS1117/LD1117/78xx

Buck Regulator :LM2576/LM2596/MP2365DN

Buck-Boost Regulator:MC34063/TPS543
Choosing Regulator supply enough at least 1.5 current consumption of board

1.Powering an Embedded System

Design regulator tips
Strictly do not directly connect Switching regulator to uC, it cause uC
not stable ( auto reset or stupid things occur) Recommend : SW regulator LDO regulator uC power pin

TI MCU Contest 2013

Using LDO linear regulator if the different voltage between the

Input and output is small If the different voltage between the Input and output isnt small Using SW regulator Using Linear regulator with the serial Heating Resistor at the input : Input Power resistor Linear Regulator Output

Using Diode or Bridge Diode rectifier to avoid confusion DC Source polarity

TI MCU Contest 2013

1 2 3 4 5
Powering an Embedded System Noise and Restrictive Methods

Designing PCB and Soldering MCU and Adding Peripherals Some sensors and Modules

TI MCU Contest 2013

2.Noise and Restrictive Methods

Internal noise is caused mostly by signals with high frequency (e.g.Oscillator of uC) or high currents (e.g. power supply) Tips and tricks: 1. Minimal current loop Area by using ground plane 2. Subdivide the and use filters for blocking noise at the boundaries (e.g. supply) 3. Maximize distance to sensitive signals (e.g. measurement signals), separation analog and digital circuits 4. Recommend no floating input pins 5. Signal line maybe shielded from each others( if needed) by using ground plane between them 6. Keep power supply smooth and clean by using decoupling cap between VCC and GND in that block of system 7. Using surface-mount or PLCC to reduce ringing effects (ground bounce)

TI MCU Contest 2013

2.Noise and Restrictive Methods

External noise is received mostly through I/O connectors or electromagnetic waves

Tips and tricks:

1. Shield I/O connectors (or even the cables) and/or use filters for blocking noise 2. Use a star-topology for ground, i.e. connect all ground lines in a common point 3. Shield board even with thinner shield ( using metal shield) 4. Create compartments separated with vertical metal strips on the PCB

TI MCU Contest 2013

1 2 3 4 5
Powering an Embedded System Noise and Restrictive Methods

Designing PCB and Soldering MCU and Adding Peripherals Some sensors and Modules

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB Path to GND : Separate high noise/current lines and analog/sensitive signals

Separation of Circuits on a PCB:

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

IC Power Decoupling:each of IC have a decoupling Cap to

avoid coupled noise

Bulk Decoupling Capacitor on Power Source

CAP must be low resistor such as tantan or ceramic

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Isolate IC from noise using LC or RC filter

Ground layout

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Digital signal routing

1. The most sensitive signals in an MCU-based system are the clock, reset, and interrupt lines 2. The oscillator is especially sensitive during startup. Do not run these lines in parallel with high-current switching traces 3. place the MCU where the trace lengths of sensitive signals will be as short as possible. 4. Xtal /OSC /RC clock is an RF circuit must be layed out to decrease its emission levels and susceptibility place that circuit as close to the MCU as possible 5. Keep clock traces, buses, and chip enables separate from I/O lines and connectors. 6. Keep digital signal lines, especially the clock, as far away from analog input and voltage reference pins as possible 7. Dont cross digital and analog lines. Route the signals away from each other

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Place decoupling Capacitor

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Trace Reflections : the corner of trace should not be 900, be usually 1350 or curve to avoid electric signal Reflections

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Track entering pad of surface mount IC: Bad

Keep the buses parallel to minimize skew

Bettter

IC track pad enterring

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Avoid stub track ( stub track is a short track leave from a main track to connect to pad of IC)

Place decoupling cap as close as possible the power and ground pad of IC

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Designing PCB

Current vs track width

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Soldering PCB

Tool :

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Soldering PCB

Soldering resistor/diode/ and Led .

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Soldering PCB

Soldering SOIC

TI MCU Contest 2013

3.Designing PCB and Soldering

Soldering PCB

Using support tools

TI MCU Contest 2013

1 2 3 4 5
Powering an Embedded System Noise and Restrictive Methods

Designing PCB and Soldering MCU and Adding Peripherals Some sensors and Modules

TI MCU Contest 2013

4.MCU and Adding Peripherals

MCU

Carefully read the reference design of the MCU

Make sure all power pin are connect

Make sure Rest pin is in correct configuration Make sure boot mode pin ( if available) is correct configuration

Pay Attention to pin that connect to debugger/loader

To make MCU stable ,please add ceramic cap 100n to all VCC pin

TI MCU Contest 2013

4.MCU and Adding Peripherals

Adding peripherals ADC peripheral Let the signal pass through analog lowpass filter (which cut off freq less than half of sample rate) before ADC input to avoid aliasing signal Adding Vref IC to supply Reference voltage to Vref pin of ADC module if need high precision conversion value Isolate AVCC from noise using low pass filter ( LC) (see slide 14) Connect AGND to GND of digital system using Star point connection If you want to higher Resolution,you can use some external ADC IC such as ADS1212 and do the same which input signal

TI MCU Contest 2013

4.MCU and Adding Peripherals

Adding peripherals I2C peripheral

The value of the resistors is not critical,anything from 1k8 to 47k used.The value 1k8, 4k7 and 10k are common values Two pull up resistor must be connected,if not the peripheral dont operate

TI MCU Contest 2013

1 2 3 4 5
Powering an Embedded System Noise and Restrictive Methods

Designing PCB and Soldering MCU and Adding Peripherals Some sensors and Modules

TI MCU Contest 2013

5.Some Sensors and Modules

GSM/GPRS/GPS module Sim 900 : only GSM and GPRS

Sim 548C :

GSM and GPRS

and GPS

GPS 01 : Only GPS

TI MCU Contest 2013

5.Some Sensors and Modules

Sensors Programmable Color light-to-frequency converter MQ-6 LPG Gas Sensor MQ9 CO and CNG LPG gas sensor Pressure sensor : HP03SA, MPXH6101,
TCS3200D

TI MCU Contest 2013

5.Some Sensors and Modules

Sensors : Distance Measuring Sensor Ultrasonic sensor : SRF04/SRF05/SRF235..

IR Range Sensor : GP2D12,.

TI MCU Contest 2013

5.Some Sensors and Modules

Sensors : inertial measurement sensor Acceleration Sensor : MMA7361L, MMA8450Q,...

Gyroscope MEMS Sensor : L3G4200D,

Magnetic Sensors: HMC1002 (2axis),HMC5843(3 axis)

TI MCU Contest 2013