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What Is it?
Vector an insect or any living carrier that transmits an infectious agent to the host. Vectors are the Vehicles by which infectious agents are transmitted via arthropods, domestic animals, or mammals to the host. So, vectors themselves are not an infectious agents. E.g. - mosquito, fly, rodents, tick
What is it?
Vector borne disease - A disease that is transmitted to humans or other animals by an insect such as a mosquito or another arthropod is called a vector-borne disease.
Mosquito-borne diseases - Malaria, Filariasis, Yellow fever, dengue, Chikungunya fever, Japanese Encephalitis. Fly-borne disease Sand fly fever, Leishmaniasis Flea-borne diseases Plague Tick-borne diseases Lyme Disease, Relapsing fever, Typhus
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
Plasmodium, Arbovirus, etc.
AGENT
VECTOR
HOST
Healthy and diseased persons, animals
ENVIRONMENT
Water logging, open water sources, etc.
BREEDING SOURCES
10
BREEDING SOURCES
11
12
MODUS OPERANDI
The basic approach for vector borne diseases control involves a strategy directed against the parasite and vector and to enlist the involvement of community in practicing various preventive measures. First organized attempt was made in 1953 on launch of National Malaria Control Program. Then, National vector borne disease control program was launched in 2003-04 by merging NAMP, NFCP & Kala Azar Control programs .Japanese B Encephalitis and Dengue/DHF have also been included in this program. The approach to control Vector borne diseases consists of three basic things:
MODUS OPERANDI
INTEGRATED VECTOR MANAGEMENT Source reduction Anti Larval measures Indoor Residual Spray IRS Insecticide treated bed nets ITNs EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS AND EARLY RESPONSE Early case Detection and Prompt Treatment (EDPT) SURVEILLANCE AND CASE MANAGEMENT Case Detection (Passive and Active) Sentinel Surveillance SUPPORTIVE INTERVENTIONS Capacity building Behavior Change Communication Inter Sectorial Coordination Public Health Engineering Support Monitoring & Evaluation Operational Research and applied field research
OTHER METHODS Rodent Control Construction of rat proof buildings Blocking rat burrows with concrete Rat trapping and use of Rodenticides Fly Control Screening of windows with at least 14 mesh net to control house flies Fly peppers Fly consciousness through health education.
The transmission of filaria can be stopped by treating the entire eligible population living in filarial endemic areas with Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with DEC (Diethyle Carbamazine Citrate)
Use of rf39 rapid diagnostic kits for Kala Azar detection
SUPPORTIVE INTERVENTIONS
SUPPORTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Inter Sectorial Coordination Legislation of Water and Sewage management systems in Buildings Coordination with Public Welfare Dept. Public Health Engineering Support Involvement of NGOs /private sector/community Capacity building Training and Development of Manpower Infrastructure development Quality assurance on laboratory diagnosis Improve quality and efficiency of services at primary, secondary and tertiary level Behavior Change Communication Social mobilization, IEC through media campaigns and heath awareness and health education programmes Monitoring & Evaluation Monthly Computerized Management Information System(CMIS) Field visits by state by State National Programme Officers Field visits by Research Centres and other ICMR Institutes Feedback to states on field observations for correction actions.
PROMOTIVE SERVICES
ABOUT DISEASE OUT BREAKS PROMOTING HEALTHY LIFE STYLE AND IMPORTANCE OF GOOD SANITATION IN PREVENTION OF VECTOR BORNE DISEASES COLLABORATION WITH SOCIAL BODIES AND NGOs FOR CAPACITY BUILDING IN DISEASE PREVENTION
CURATIVE SERVICES
PROVIDING CURATIVE SERVICES TO THE AFFECTED POPULATION AND NOTED CASES ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE PARTIVIPATION IN VARIOUS ACTIVITIES RELATED WITH NVBDCP MALARIA CLINIC IN EVERY HOSPITAL ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE OF EPIDEMICS EARLY DETECTION AND PROMT TREATMENT OF PATIENTS QUININE FOR MALARIA DEC FOR FILARIA, ETC. GIVING CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
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