PL: Uses information about the environment (the devices, objects, etc nearby), but requires heavy setup,

thus not mobile.

UL: highly mobile. System dynamically knows about the environment.

D-CAL: Low mobility, not embedded in or using information about the environment.

ML: High mobility, but also not using information about the environment.

1. On-the-fly reference (dictionary, thesaurus, maps, etc.) 2. Graphing calculators used in math, chemistry, physics and engineering classes 3. Use a program like polleverywhere.com to do quick formative questions without clickersSend out reminders to students via text without collecting 4. Access thousands of texts for free, many of which are currently used in literature texts, with wattpad or related apps. 5. Twitter can be leveraged to allow for on-the-spot commentary and reflection, and can be posted on-screen 6. Students can do basic background research with Wikipedia or other resources as the project progresses 7. Students can access and edit online documents on Google Docs or Evernote at any time 8. Students may record crucial portions of lecture or instructions, and convert to text for further review 9. Integrates smoothly with Edmodo.com, Moodle, Blackboard, Blogger, or whatever classroom site is used

Then, what defines "ubiquitous learning"? Permanency: all work/learning is permanently and continuously recorded.

Accessibility: access to documents/data/information everywhere.

Immediacy: access to information is instantaneous.

Interactivity: communication with peers/teachers in asynchronous/synchronous manner.

Situated: the environment is taken into account for the learning.

The real impact of the mobile device and its learning content depends on the user thats why there are two types of user for mobile learning :

The considered user

The trigger user

Semantic memory is our memory of meanings, understandings, and other concept-based knowledge

In the case of considered learners, mobile learning is as a refresher of things they learned in a more extended formal training event, including face-to-face training , synchronous eLearning, asynchronous e-Learning, or even study of printed information. After a large chunk of training, your head is filled with information. A mobile device is a smart way of retrieving what you have learned, especially close to the time when you need to apply it. Sharpening the key learning points can anchor mobile learning content to help the user efficiently and accurately recall these deep-level semantic memories.

Procedural memory is our memory of how to do things.

For trigger users the mobile device can act as a retriever for procedural memory. Procedural memory is our long-term memory of skills, procedures, and know-how. In the work environment, these are processes and techniques that are needed to drive a business forward what to do, what not to do, the expected attitudes and behaviors. Examples would be running a creative meeting or induction of new employee, or a more complex skill such as restructuring a team.

Lahmine Soufiane (PhD student/Techno-Pedagogical Instructional Designer) Center For Learning Technologies (CLT) Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane E-portfolio: http://about.me/lahmine.soufiane Blog: http://moroccomlearning.blogspot.com E-mail: S.Lahmine@aui.ma Skype: Lahmine.Soufiane Voice: +21253586-3298 Cell:+212666067211 Morocco, Ifrane