AS PE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

James Barraclough Lesson 12: Introduction to CV System

AIMS: INTRODUCTION TO CV SYSTEM

Objectives: ALL to understand: Structure & function of the heart

Dual

role of the heart Blood flow through the heart

THE CV SYSTEM: HEART & CIRCULATORY (VASCULAR) SYSTEM

Muscular pump that beats continuously, over 100,000 times per day Combined with blood vessels (arteries, capillaries & veins) it provides tissues/cells with oxygen & nutrients
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMdKp2z Hgog&feature=youtu.be

THE HEART
Located behind sternum/ribs which protect it
Size = about that of clenched fist in adults Although training does increase size = CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY

Heart consists of 4 chambers: What are these?

Pulse Rates Everyone's pulse changes as we age Average pulse rates at different ages: Why?
Age Newborn 3 months Pulse 130 140

6 months
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years

130
120 115 100 100

6 years
8 years 12 years Adult

100
90 85 60 - 100

THE HEART

2 chambers at top (superior) part of heart are atria 2 chambers at bottom (inferior) part are ventricles Also divided into left/right parts by SEPTUM (muscular partition)
Shockwave

ACTIVITY 1: ADD FOLLOWING TO DIAGRAM OF HEART & DIRECTION OF BLOODFLOW (REMEMBER BACK TO FRONT) & THEN ANSWER QUESTIONS ON BACK Aorta Pulmonary vein & artery Lungs (not on diagram but identify direction from heart) Bicuspid & tricuspid valve Left & right atria Left & right ventricles

ANSWERS
L side circulates oxygen rich blood through body/system i.e. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION R side pumps oxygen poor blood to lungs for re-oxygenation i.e. PULMONARY CIRCULATION 2. Valves ensure blood only flows one way through heart & doesnt go backwards 3. Myocardium = cardiac muscle tissue responsible for contracting heart & ejecting blood 4. Coronary arteries feed heart with blood as
1.

BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART

RIGHT SIDE

LEFT SIDE

Blood low in O2 returns to RA through venae cavae Deoxygenated blood enters RV through TRICUSPID VALVE Ventricles contract & blood goes to lungs through SEMILUNAR PULMONARY VALVE & PULMONARY ARTERY

O2 rich blood returns to LA from lungs (pulmonary veins) Oxygenated blood enters LV through BICUSPID VALVE Ventricles contract & blood enters AORTA through SEMILUNAR AORTIC VALVE

RECAP

Complete quick quiz 2 minutes

NEXT LESSON
Homework: Research Conduction system: how heart works
SA

& AV nodes Bundle of His Pukinje fibres

Cardiac cycle: systole & diastole