STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

IMPORTANCE OF SQC IN TEXTILE

Most tests on textile material give results in the form of numbers, e.g. the count of a lea of yarn may be given as 36s cotton and its strength as 60 lb. Usually a series of tests is made on a group of individual items and the results from each test recorded and subsequently analyzed by suitable methods. The use of statistical methods enables us to extract the maximum amount of information about the tested material from the available data and to use this information for such purposes as quality control, mill

IMPORTANCE OF SQC IN TEXTILE

Without an understanding of the elements of statistical methods, the study of testing methods and instruments becomes rather pointless since the instruments used are means to an end and are not ends in themselves.

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
There are two types of frequency distribution, they are as follows: 1. Discrete frequency distribution 2. Continuous frequency distribution

DISCRETE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

The process of preparing this type of distribution is very simple, we have just to count the number of times a particular value is repeated which is called the frequency of that class. Example: The following are the number of female employees in different branches of commercial banks. Make a frequency distribution. 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 3, 7, 8, 6, 4, 7, 4, 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 4, 2, 5, 7, 9, 1, 2, 10, 1, 8, 9, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 8, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 0, 5, 9,

DISCRETE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

NO. OF EMPLOYEES 0 1 2 3 4 5 TALLIES II IIII III IIII IIII IIII II IIII IIII I IIII III FREQUENC Y 2 8 9 7 11 8

6
7 8 9 10

IIII I
III IIII IIII IIII

6
3 5 5 5

CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

This type of frequency distribution is most popular in practice.

The following technical terms are important when a continuous frequency distribution is formed: 1. CLASS LIMITS: The class limits are the lowest and the highest values that can be included in the class.

CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

2.

CLASS INTERVALS: The difference between the upper and the lower limits of a class is known as class interval of that class. Class Interval, I = (L S) / n where, L = largest item, S = smallest item, n = the number of classes

CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

3.

CLASS FREQUENCY: The number of observations corresponding to a particular class is known as the frequency of the class. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY: The total of all the frequencies up to and including that class is called cumulative frequency.

4.

CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

5.

CLASS MIDPOINT: It is the value lying midway between the lowest and upper class limits of class interval.

Midpoint of a class = Upper limit + Lower limit 2

Example: The following are the marks obtained by 50 students in Mathematics.

135 70 108 89 118 13 103 34 64 178 170 120 135 113 10 124 132 15 119 57 112 121 57 154 92 82 51 64 91 100 165 8 48 157 98 124 114 167 86 130 110 74 150 131 86 92 126 145 116 76

Prepare a frequency distribution.

Suppose there are 7 classes. Class interval = (L S) / n = (180 5) / 7 = 25

CLASS INTERVAL 5 30 31 55 56 80 81 105 TALLIES CLASS FREQUENC Y 4 3 7 10 CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY 4 7 14 24

IIII III IIII II IIII IIII

106 130 131 155

155 180

IIII IIII IIII IIII II

IIII

14 7
5

38 45
50

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA

Frequency distributions can be presented in several graphical forms, like

1. Frequency Polygon 2. Histogram 3. Frequency Curve

FREQUENCY POLYGON