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Harmful Effects of the Normal Flora
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Harmful Effects of the Normal Flora
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Harmful Effects of the Normal Flora
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Dental Plaque
§ The classic biofilm that involves components of the normal flora of the oral
cavity is the formation of dental plaque on the teeth. Plaque is a naturally-
constructed biofilm, in which the consortia of bacteria may reach a
thickness of 300-500 cells on the surfaces of the teeth.
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Dental Plaque
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Dental Plaque
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Dental Plaque
Streptococcus
mutans
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Dental Plaque
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Dental Plaque
Streptococcus mutans
– Lactic acid demineralizes enamel
§ Periodontal disease
– Gingiva, cementum, periodontal membrane, alveolar bone
– Rich in anaerobes
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Dental Caries
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Dental Caries
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Dental caries : Streptococcus mutans
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Dental caries : other pathogens
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Periodontal Diseases
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Periodontal Diseases
§ Diseases that are confined to the gingiva usually do not lead to loss of
teeth, but there are other more serious forms of periodontal disease that
affect periodontal membrane and alveolar bone resulting in tooth loss.
§ Bacteria in these lesions are very complex populations consisting of
– Gram-positive organisms (including Actinomyces and streptococci)
– Gram-negative organisms (including spirochetes and Bacteroides).
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Dr. Iyad Abou Rabii
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